{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:12:02Z","timestamp":1792509122152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,30]],"date-time":"2003-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy applied to fingertip punch biopsy to study glabrous skin innervation in 14 healthy subjects. In addition to epidermal nerve fibers, we quantified mechanoreceptors and their myelinated afferents. Using digital images and dedicated software, we calculated caliber, internodal and nodal length, and G\u2010ratio of the last four internodes of the myelinated endings. In our skin samples, we found a mean density of 59.0 \u00b1 29.3 myelinated endings per square millimeter with a mean diameter of 3.3 \u00b1 0.5\u03bcm and an internodal length of 79.1 \u00b1 13.8\u03bcm. These findings indicate that A\u03b2 fibers undergo drastic changes in their course from the nerve trunk to the target organ, with repeated branching and consequent tapering and shortening of internodal length. Our work demonstrates that skin biopsy can give information on the status of large myelinated endings as well as unmyelinated sensory and autonomic nerves. Since distal endings are primarily involved in distal axonopathy, skin biopsy can be more suitable than sural nerve biopsy to detect early abnormalities. In addition to diagnostic applications, this technique allows clarification of the mode of termination of A\u03b2 fibers and their relationship with mechanoreceptors, leading to relevant electrophysiological speculations. Ann Neurol 2003<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,28]],"date-time":"2003-07-28T11:14:16Z","timestamp":1059390856000},"page":"197-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["Quantification of myelinated endings and mechanoreceptors in human digital skin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Nolano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Provitera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Crisci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Stancanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwen","family":"Wendelschafer\u2010Crabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William Robert","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90223-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.4.1042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00329435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.10.1848"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.8.1641"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.708"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.1.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510100067011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.70.3.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/36.5.393"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Peripheral neuropathy","author":"Thomas PK","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"373","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of pacinian corpuscle degeneration in Friedreich's ataxia","volume":"5","author":"Marolda M","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.16.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.16.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.13.2.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-470348-3.50013-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"165","article-title":"Meissner corpuscles and myelinated nerve fibers in human digital skin: a correlation with electrophysiological findings","volume":"6","author":"Nolano M","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720170007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Alterver\u00e4nderungen der Meissnerschen k\u00f6rperchen in der fingerhaut","volume":"54","author":"Ronge H","year":"1943","journal-title":"Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000990206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901130202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"236","article-title":"Cutaneous sensory nerves","volume":"7","author":"Winkelmann RK","year":"1988","journal-title":"Semin Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional reconstruction of the Meissner's corpuscles of man after silver impregnation and immunofluorescence with PGP 9.5 antibodies using confocal scanning laser microscopy","volume":"186","author":"Castano P","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540004800215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050432"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-18-07236.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphometric studies on the human sural nerve","volume":"82","author":"Behse F","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1894.sp000528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900910105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690642"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.6.1925"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90909-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(93)90112-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880170303"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.10615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.10615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T14:02:01Z","timestamp":1697205721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.10615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,25]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.10615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.10615","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,25]]}}}