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We investigated the generation of T cells with a regulatory phenotype (T<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>) in thymomas with and without associated MG. In patients with MG(+) thymomas, maturation and export of T<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub> cells but not of other T\u2010cell subsets was significantly reduced. We conclude that imbalance between effector and regulatory T cells in thymomas may be involved in modulation of onset and\/or severity of MG. 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