{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:51:43Z","timestamp":1790459503327,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":3318,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Neurol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,21]],"date-time":"2006-07-21T23:41:03Z","timestamp":1153525263000},"page":"162-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy revisited: Has the disease outgrown its name?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Igor J.","family":"Koralnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/81.1.93","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"81","author":"Astrom","year":"1958","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(59)91774-X","article-title":"Cerebral demyelination associated with disorders of the reticuloendothelial system","author":"Cavanaugh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1126\/science.148.3676.1477","article-title":"Particles resembling papova viruses in human cerebral demyelinating disease","volume":"148","author":"Zu Rhein","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91777-6","article-title":"Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy","volume":"1","author":"Padgett","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.51.2.458-469.1984","article-title":"Human polyomavirus JC virus genome","volume":"51","author":"Frisque","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31105-8","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"2","author":"Brooks","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198212023072307","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a male homosexual with T-cell immune deficiency","volume":"307","author":"Miller","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-1-78","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A review of the literature with a report of sixteen cases","volume":"107","author":"Berger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.3.743","article-title":"AIDS- and non-AIDS-related PML association with distinct p53 polymorphism","volume":"54","author":"Power","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280290101094","article-title":"The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurological disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"8","author":"Sacktor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB11","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves resumed marketing of Tysabri under a special distribution program. FDA News, 2006."},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1086\/504947","article-title":"JC virus detection in bodily fluids: clues to transmission","volume":"43","author":"Berger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10450","article-title":"Population-based study of antibody to the human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV and the simian polyomavirus SV40","volume":"71","author":"Knowles","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.105-109.2000","article-title":"Comparison of antibody titers determined by hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme immunoassay for JC virus and BK virus","volume":"38","author":"Hamilton","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18842-0","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of the human polyomaviruses","volume":"84","author":"Stolt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1086\/514032","article-title":"Analysis of the systemic and intrathecal humoral immune response in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"176","author":"Weber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.10.2.278-285.2003","article-title":"Serological cross-reactivities between antibodies to simian virus 40, BK virus, and JC virus assessed by virus-like-particle-based enzyme immunoassays","volume":"10","author":"Viscidi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.6.1128","article-title":"High incidence of urinary JC virus excretion in nonimmunosuppressed older patients","volume":"161","author":"Kitamura","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.2.253","article-title":"JC virus DNA load in patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"52","author":"Koralnik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9918","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.9918-9923.1998","article-title":"Detection of JC virus DNA in human tonsil tissue: evidence for site of initial viral infection","volume":"72","author":"Monaco","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802043180507","article-title":"Involvement of JC virus-infected mononuclear cells from the bone marrow and spleen in the pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"318","author":"Houff","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540160128016","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Report of a case and review of the literature of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with other inherited immunodeficiency states","volume":"51","author":"Katz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310426","article-title":"Detection of JC virus DNA in peripheral lymphocytes from patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"31","author":"Tornatore","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB24","first-page":"1271","article-title":"High frequency of polyomavirus infection in lymphoid cell preparations after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Schneider","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701555","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy with peripheral demyelinating neuropathy after autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukemia (FAB5)","volume":"23","author":"Coppo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.19269","article-title":"JC virus DNA sequences are frequently present in the human upper and lower gastrointestinal tract","volume":"119","author":"Ricciardiello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.662.13.4","article-title":"No evidence of an association of JC virus and colon neoplasia","volume":"13","author":"Newcomb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320622","article-title":"Lack of JC viral genomic sequences in multiple sclerosis brain tissue by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"32","author":"Buckle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5726","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.10.5726-5734.1992","article-title":"JC virus DNA is present in many human brain samples from patients without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"66","author":"White","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199604000-00001","article-title":"Detection of JC virus DNA in the peripheral blood leukocytes of HIV- infected patients","volume":"10","author":"Dubois","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90909-9","article-title":"Interaction of the human polyomavirus, JCV, with human B-lymphocytes","volume":"190","author":"Atwood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7004","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.10.7004-7012.1996","article-title":"JC virus infection of hematopoietic progenitor cells, primary B lymphocytes, and tonsillar stromal cells: implications for viral latency","volume":"70","author":"Monaco","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.9.2288-2292.1997","article-title":"Latency and reactivation of JC virus in peripheral blood of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients","volume":"35","author":"Dubois","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289909029484","article-title":"Detection of JC virus DNA in peripheral blood cell subpopulations of HIV-1-infected individuals","volume":"5","author":"Koralnik","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3109\/13550280009013156","article-title":"JC virus binds to primary human glial cells, tonsillar stromal cells, and B-lymphocytes, but not to T lymphocytes","volume":"6","author":"Wei","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199707)52:3<243::AID-JMV2>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Detection of archetype and rearranged variants of JC virus in multiple tissues from a pediatric PML patient","volume":"52","author":"Newman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc030038","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 14-2004. A 66-year-old man with progressive neurologic deficits","volume":"350","author":"Koralnik","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1086\/514083","article-title":"Effect of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality from opportunistic infections in the United States in 1993","volume":"176","author":"Selik","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB39","article-title":"Review of PML and natalizumab","author":"Aksamit","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Neurologist."},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20492","article-title":"Changes in the natural history of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-negative lymphoproliferative disorders: impact of novel therapies","volume":"80","author":"Garcia-Suarez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1086\/431769","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as a complication of hepatitis C virus treatment in an HIV-negative patient","volume":"41","author":"Lima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000194227.16696.11","article-title":"Seizures and their outcome in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"66","author":"Lima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809113482","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection","volume":"4","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195388","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and survival of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: data from the Italian Registry Investigative Neuro AIDS (IRINA)","volume":"9","author":"Antinori","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451420","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation","volume":"187","author":"Whiteman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB46","first-page":"1896","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: are there any MR findings useful to patient management and predictive of patient survival?","volume":"20","author":"Post","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB47","first-page":"132","article-title":"AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy limited to U fibers, responsible for subacute encephalopathy with normal CT scan findings","volume":"40","author":"Gray","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Anat Cytol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB48","first-page":"233","article-title":"MRI pattern of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS. Pathological correlations","volume":"17","author":"Trotot","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB49","first-page":"977","article-title":"Initial and follow-up MR imaging findings in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"22","author":"Thurnher","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195351","article-title":"The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced immune reconstitution on development and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: study of 43 cases with review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Cinque","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195315","article-title":"Inflammatory reaction in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: harmful or beneficial?","volume":"9","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-005-0983-y","article-title":"Fulminant inflammatory leukoencephalopathy associated with HAART-induced immune restoration in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"109","author":"Vendrely","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.1.244","article-title":"Cerebellar degeneration associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"50","author":"Tagliati","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB54","first-page":"191","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: its pathological features","volume":"105","author":"Richardson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000081306.86961.33","article-title":"Productive infection of cerebellar granule cell neurons by JC virus in an HIV+ individual","volume":"61","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.6.734","article-title":"The uninvited guest: JC virus infection of neurons in PML","volume":"61","author":"Tyler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20431","article-title":"JC virus granule cell neuronopathy: a novel clinical syndrome distinct from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"57","author":"Koralnik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81945-0","article-title":"A granule cell neuron-associated JC virus variant has a unique deletion in the VP1 gene","volume":"87","author":"Dang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65290-X","article-title":"Association of simian virus 40 with a central nervous system lesion distinct from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in macaques with AIDS","volume":"154","author":"Simon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.7.956","article-title":"JC virus associated meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent girl","volume":"67","author":"Blake","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00315-3","article-title":"HIV-associated primary CNS morbidity and utility of brain biopsy","volume":"163","author":"Skolasky","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199701000-00003","article-title":"Diagnosis of central nervous system complications in HIV-infected patients: cerebrospinal fluid analysis by the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"11","author":"Cinque","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.4175-4177.2005","article-title":"Reduced rate of diagnostic positive detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid in cases of suspected progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy","volume":"43","author":"Marzocchetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195298","article-title":"The evolving face of human immunodeficiency virus-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: defining a consensus terminology","volume":"9","author":"Cinque","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB65","first-page":"247","article-title":"Atypical progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with plasma-cell infiltrates","author":"Richardson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Suppl (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440309","article-title":"Predictive factors for prolonged survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"44","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199906)45:6<816::AID-ANA21>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Relation of JC virus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid to survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with biopsy-proven progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"45","author":"Yiannoutsos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1086\/427698","article-title":"Prognostic significance of JC virus DNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"40","author":"Bossolasco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1004","article-title":"Cellular and humoral immune response in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"49","author":"Weber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200307040-00004","article-title":"Critical role of JC virus-specific CD4 T-cell responses in preventing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"17","author":"Gasnault","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.7.3483-3487.2001","article-title":"JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in individuals with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"75","author":"Koralnik","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.499","article-title":"Association of prolonged survival in HLA-A2+ progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients with a CTL response specific for a commonly recognized JC virus epitope","volume":"168","author":"Koralnik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11918","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.22.11918-11926.2003","article-title":"Low frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against the novel HLA-A*0201-restricted JC virus epitope VP1(p36) in patients with proven or possible progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"77","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh215","article-title":"A prospective study demonstrates an association between JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the early control of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"127","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10206","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.18.10206-10210.2004","article-title":"Detection of JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in healthy individuals","volume":"78","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.4.836","article-title":"Metabolite abnormalities in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"48","author":"Chang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000137420.58346.9F","article-title":"Elevation of myoinositol is associated with disease containment in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"63","author":"Katz-Brull","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000194804.97164.86","article-title":"Presence of JC virus-specific CTL in the cerebrospinal fluid of PML patients: rationale for immune-based therapeutic strategies","volume":"19","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280600716604","article-title":"Characterization of lymphocytic infiltrates in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: co-localization of CD8+ T cells with JCV-infected glial cells","volume":"12","author":"Wuthrich","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020696","article-title":"A controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"348","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0332-4","article-title":"Effect of natalizumab on conversion of gadolinium enhancing lesions to T1 hypointense lesions in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"251","author":"Dalton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044396","article-title":"Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"354","author":"Rudick","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe058122","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and natalizumab-unforeseen consequences","volume":"353","author":"Berger","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051782","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis","volume":"353","author":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051847","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with natalizumab","volume":"353","author":"Langer-Gould","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020732","article-title":"Natalizumab for active Crohn's disease","volume":"348","author":"Ghosh","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe020157","article-title":"Alpha4 integrins as therapeutic targets in autoimmune disease","volume":"348","author":"von Andrian","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051586","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab therapy for Crohn's disease","volume":"353","author":"Van Assche","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054693","article-title":"Evaluation of patients treated with natalizumab for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"354","author":"Yousry","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20858","article-title":"Immune surveillance in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab","volume":"59","author":"Stuve","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20859","article-title":"Natalizumab effects on immune cell responses in multiple sclerosis","volume":"59","author":"Niino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20877","article-title":"Natalizumab: immune effects and implications for therapy","volume":"59","author":"Hauser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB93","first-page":"S181","article-title":"The laboratory evaluation for JC virus DNA in CSF and plasma from multiple sclerosis patients participating in the phase III clinical trials of natalizumab","volume":"11","author":"Major","year":"2005","journal-title":"MultScler"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1005-1275","article-title":"Natalizumab and PML","volume":"8","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00742.x","article-title":"Incidence of BK with tacrolimus versus cyclosporine and impact of preemptive immunosuppression reduction","volume":"5","author":"Brennan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.7.3495-3505.2006","article-title":"Interplay of cellular and humoral immune responses against BK virus in kidney transplant recipients with polyomavirus nephropathy","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537102","article-title":"A classification scheme for human polyomavirus JCV variants based on the nucleotide sequence of the noncoding regulatory region","volume":"7","author":"Jensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5672","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.12.5672-5676.2001","article-title":"JC virus regulatory region tandem repeats in plasma and central nervous system isolates correlate with poor clinical outcome in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"75","author":"Pfister","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.04.003","article-title":"JC virus induces a vigorous CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response in mutliple sclerosis patients","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805073381903","article-title":"Failure of cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"338","author":"Hall","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809114545","article-title":"The efficacy of nucleoside analogs against JC virus multiplication in a persistently infected human fetal brain cell line","volume":"4","author":"Hou","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537292","article-title":"Treatment of non-AIDS progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with cytosine arabinoside","volume":"7","author":"Aksamit","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02089-2","article-title":"Comparison of cytosine arabinoside delivery to rat brain by intravenous, intrathecal, intraventricular and intraparenchymal routes of administration","volume":"856","author":"Groothuis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.3.587","article-title":"Activities of various compounds against murine and primate polyomaviruses","volume":"41","author":"Andrei","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200209060-00012","article-title":"A pilot study of cidofovir for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS","volume":"16","author":"Marra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537274","article-title":"Cidofovir in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a monocenter observational study with clinical and JC virus load monitoring","volume":"7","author":"Gasnault","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1086\/374048","article-title":"Clinical course and prognostic factors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"36","author":"Berenguer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703704","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after stem cell transplantation, unsuccessfully treated with cidofovir","volume":"30","author":"Osorio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-1037-9","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: cidofovir therapy in three patients with underlying hematological disease","volume":"250","author":"Herrlinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/713831540","article-title":"Topotecan in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"9","author":"Royal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537238","article-title":"The relative contributions of HAART and alpha-interferon for therapy of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS","volume":"7","author":"Geschwind","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109280-00028","article-title":"Inflammatory reactions in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"15","author":"Miralles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103492","article-title":"The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells","volume":"306","author":"Elphick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404283301703","article-title":"Infusions of donor leukocytes to treat Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"330","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/ana.20933-BIB115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510193331603","article-title":"Reconstitution of cellular immunity against cytomegalovirus in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow by transfer of T-cell clones from the donor","volume":"333","author":"Walter","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.20933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/ana.20933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T05:29:34Z","timestamp":1683523774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.20933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.20933","relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}}}