{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:48:23Z","timestamp":1789674503838,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,27]],"date-time":"2007-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammatory progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (iPML) with enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions and leukocyte infiltration occurs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013infected individuals after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treatment. MRI diagnostic criteria for PML suggest that iPML does not occur in HIV\u2010negative individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied pathologically proved PML (12 by biopsy, 9 with MRI, 32 at autopsy).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u2010negative (2\/5) and \u2010positive (2\/4) PML patients had enhancing MRI lesions, correlated with CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphocyte infiltration. Inflammatory infiltrates occurred in the majority of HIV\u2010negative (7\/8) and HIV\u2010positive\/HAART (17\/20) cases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.2), but in only 2 of 16 HIV\u2010positive\/non\u2010HAART cases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>iPML showed radiographic and pathological similarity in HIV\u2010positive\/HAART and HIV\u2010negative patients. HIV\u2010negative iPML necessitates further consideration of MRI criteria for PML. Ann Neurol 2007<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,27]],"date-time":"2007-02-27T20:06:50Z","timestamp":1172606810000},"page":"34-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Inflammatory progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human immunodeficiency virus\u2013negative patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"DeRen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cossoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meizhang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Taege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Staugaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Ransohoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20933"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040837"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000026184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01362.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"MRI pattern of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS. 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