{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:16:09Z","timestamp":1790943369372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]],"date-time":"2007-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by homozygous loss of function of the <jats:italic>survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1)<\/jats:italic> gene. All SMA patients carry at least one copy of a nearly identical <jats:italic>SMN2<\/jats:italic> gene. However, a critical nucleotide change in <jats:italic>SMN2<\/jats:italic> results in alternative splicing and exclusion of exon 7 in the majority of <jats:italic>SMN2<\/jats:italic> messenger RNA (mRNA), thus producing a low level of functional SMN protein. Increasing SMN protein production by promoting <jats:italic>SMN2<\/jats:italic> exon 7 inclusion could be a therapeutic approach for SMA. It has been shown that cellular pH microenvironment can modulate pre\u2010mRNA alternative splicing in vivo. In this study, we tested whether inhibitors of the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> exchanger can modulate the exon 7 splicing of <jats:italic>SMN2<\/jats:italic> mRNA<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We treated SMA lymphoid cell lines with Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> exchanger inhibitors and then measured <jats:italic>SMN2<\/jats:italic> exon 7 splicing by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and SMN protein production by Western blotting and immunofluorescence<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that treatment with an Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> exchanger inhibitor, 5\u2010(<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010ethyl\u2010N\u2010isopropyl)\u2010amiloride (EIPA), significantly enhances <jats:italic>SMN2<\/jats:italic> exon 7 inclusion and SMN protein production in SMA cells. In addition, EIPA increases the number of nuclear gems in SMA cells. We further explored the underlying mechanism, and our results suggest that EIPA may promote <jats:italic>SMN2<\/jats:italic> exon 7 inclusion through upregulation of the splicing factor SRp20 in the nucleus<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our finding that EIPA, an inhibitor of the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> exchanger, can increase SMN protein expression in SMA cells provides a new direction for the development of drugs for SMA treatment. However, further translational studies are needed to determine whether this finding is applicable for SMA treatment or just a proof of cellular pH effect on <jats:italic>SMN<\/jats:italic> splicing. Ann Neurol 2007<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]],"date-time":"2007-10-09T20:19:38Z","timestamp":1191961178000},"page":"26-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["5\u2010(<i>N<\/i>\u2010ethyl\u2010N\u2010isopropyl)\u2010amiloride enhances <i>SMN2<\/i> exon 7 inclusion and protein expression in spinal muscular atrophy 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