{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:46:55Z","timestamp":1792813615180,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,21]],"date-time":"2007-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1198195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze a cluster of 30 industrial coworkers with Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism subjected to long\u2010term (8\u201333 years) chronic exposure to trichloroethylene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurological evaluations were conducted on the 30 coworkers, including a general physical and neurological examination and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In addition, fine motor speed was quantified and an occupational history survey was administered. Next, animal studies were conducted to determine whether trichloroethylene exposure is neurotoxic to the nigrostriatal dopamine system that degenerates in Parkinson's disease. The experiments specifically analyzed complex 1 mitochondrial neurotoxicity because this is a mechanism of action of other known environmental dopaminergic neurotoxins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The three workers with workstations adjacent to the trichloroethylene source and subjected to chronic inhalation and dermal exposure from handling trichloroethylene\u2010soaked metal parts had Parkinson's disease. Coworkers more distant from the trichloroethylene source, receiving chronic respiratory exposure, displayed many features of parkinsonism, including significant motor slowing. Neurotoxic actions of trichloroethylene were demonstrated in accompanying animal studies showing that oral administration of trichloroethylene for 6 weeks instigated selective complex 1 mitochondrial impairment in the midbrain with concomitant striatonigral fiber degeneration and loss of dopamine neurons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trichloroethylene, used extensively in industry and the military and a common environmental contaminant, joins other mitochondrial neurotoxins, MPTP (1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine) and some pesticides, as a risk factor for parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 2007<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,22]],"date-time":"2007-12-22T00:48:09Z","timestamp":1198284489000},"page":"184-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["Trichloroethylene: Parkinsonism and complex 1 mitochondrial neurotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Don M.","family":"Gash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Rutland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi L.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick G.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Bing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne A.","family":"Cass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jignesh D.","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong\u2010Yong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy L.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg A.","family":"Gerhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Slevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Scott","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.4.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6823561"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198308043090511"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087753"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.2.0216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","volume-title":"Toxicological profile for trichloroethylene","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","volume-title":"Trichloroethylene: hazard summary, created in April 1992; revised in January 2000","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","volume-title":"Assessing the human health risks of trichloroethylene; key scientific issues","author":"Committee on Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfl133"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508628200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.7.1458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1991.9937446"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10543"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20130"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBB.0000041775.10388.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10287","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-24-10287.1998","article-title":"Thiol oxidation and loss of mitochondrial complex I precede excitatory amino acid\u2010mediated neurodegeneration","volume":"18","author":"Sriram K","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04327.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03122-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00033-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10689"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(85)90045-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0956-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(03)00085-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1778"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605208103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.1999.650609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)01308-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(02)00060-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0135-0_29"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20904"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.11.1483"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1997.3699"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890209602925"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/000000006783981990"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.21288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.21288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T01:57:08Z","timestamp":1696039028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.21288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.21288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.21288","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}}}