{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:48:29Z","timestamp":1791280109799,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,13]],"date-time":"2009-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale"},{"name":"MSA"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007545","name":"Agence Fran\u00e7aise de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire de l'Environnement et du Travail","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"French Ministry of the Environment"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008211","name":"France Parkinson","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004792","name":"Minist\u00e8re de l'enseignement sup\u00e9rieur et de la recherche","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied the relation between Parkinson disease (PD) and professional exposure to pesticides in a community\u2010based case\u2010control study conducted in a population characterized by a high prevalence of exposure. Our objective was to investigate the role of specific pesticide families and to perform dose\u2010effect analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PD cases (n = 224) from the Mutualit\u00e9 Sociale Agricole (France) were matched to 557 controls free of PD affiliated with the same health insurance. Pesticide exposure was assessed using a 2\u2010phase procedure, including a case\u2010by\u2010case expert evaluation. Analyses of the relation between PD and professional exposure to pesticides were first performed overall and by broad category (insecticides, fungicides, herbicides). Analyses of 29 pesticide families defined based on a chemical classification were restricted to men. Multiple imputation was used to impute missing values of pesticide families. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression, both using a complete\u2010case and an imputed dataset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a positive association between PD and overall professional pesticide use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1\u20133.1), with a dose\u2010effect relation for the number of years of use (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). In men, insecticides were associated with PD (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1\u20134.3), in particular organochlorine insecticides (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2\u20135.0). These associations were stronger in men with older onset PD than in those with younger onset PD, and were characterized by a dose\u2010effect relation in the former group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results support an association between PD and professional pesticide exposure, and show that some pesticides (ie, organochlorine insecticides) may be more particularly involved. 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