{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:07:55Z","timestamp":1792098475078,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,13]],"date-time":"2009-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The serum of most neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients contains autoantibodies (NMO\u2010IgGs) directed against the aquaporin\u20104 (AQP4) water channel located on astrocyte foot processes in the perivessel and subpial areas of the brain. Our objectives were to determine the source of central nervous system (CNS) NMO\u2010IgGs and their role in disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fluorescence\u2010activated cell sorting and single\u2010cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were used to identify overrepresented plasma cell immunoglobulin (Ig) sequences in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of an NMO patient after a first clinical attack. Monoclonal recombinant antibodies (rAbs) were generated from the paired heavy and light chain sequences and tested for target specificity and Fc effector function. The effect of CSF rAbs on CNS immunopathology was investigated by delivering single rAbs to rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repertoire analysis revealed a dynamic, clonally expanded plasma cell population with features of an antigen\u2010targeted response. Using multiple independent assays, 6 of 11 rAbs generated from CSF plasma cell clones specifically bound to AQP4. AQP4\u2010specific rAbs recognized conformational epitopes and mediated both AQP4\u2010directed antibody\u2010dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement\u2010mediated lysis. When administered to rats with EAE, an AQP4\u2010specific NMO CSF rAb induced NMO immunopathology: perivascular astrocyte depletion, myelinolysis, and complement and Ig deposition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Molecular characterization of the CSF plasma cell repertoire in an early NMO patient demonstrates that AQP4\u2010specfic Ig is synthesized intrathecally at disease onset and directly contributes to CNS pathology. AQP4 is now the first confirmed antigenic target in human demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 2009;66:617\u2013629<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,13]],"date-time":"2009-07-13T12:47:10Z","timestamp":1247489230000},"page":"617-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":539,"title":["Intrathecal pathogenic anti\u2013aquaporin\u20104 antibodies in early neuromyelitis optica"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiwah","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhakar 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