{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:19:14Z","timestamp":1770999554268,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,30]],"date-time":"2010-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic neurotoxicity is a recognized long\u2010term complication following chemotherapy in a range of diseases. Neurotoxicity adversely affects patients' quality of life. The objective of this study is to examine whether there is evidence of acute neurotoxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study included patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS\u2010BMT, n = 14) and hematological malignancies (HM\u2010BMT, n = 17) receiving chemotherapy as preconditioning for bone marrow transplant. The control groups included SPMS patients matched for demographic and clinical data (SPMS\u2010PL, n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 14). Neurodegeneration was assessed at baseline and longitudinally (months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36), combining a clinical scale for disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]), a serum protein biomarker for neurodegeneration (neurofilaments, NfH\u2010SMI35), and brain atrophy measures (magnetic resonance imaging).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disability progression was significantly more acute and severe following chemotherapy compared to placebo. Immediately after starting chemotherapy, serum NfH\u2010SMI35 levels increased in 79% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001) of SPMS\u2010BMT patients and 41% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01) of HM\u2010BMT patients compared to 0% of SPMS\u2010PL patients or healthy controls. In SPMS\u2010BMT serum NfH\u2010SMI35 levels were &gt; 100\u2010fold higher 1 month after chemotherapy (29.73ng\/ml) compared to baseline (0.28ng\/ml,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001). High serum NfH\u2010SMI35 levels persisting for at least 3 months were associated with sustained disability progression on the EDSS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Brain atrophy rates increased acutely in SPMS\u2010BMT (\u22122.09) compared to SPMS\u2010PL (\u22121.18,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurotoxicity is an unwanted acute side effect of aggressive chemotherapy. ANN NEUROL 2010<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,30]],"date-time":"2010-12-30T20:31:05Z","timestamp":1293741065000},"page":"806-815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Evidence for acute neurotoxicity after chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Axel","family":"Petzold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tjeerd","family":"Mondria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kuhle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria 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