{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:21:00Z","timestamp":1790371260006,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,8]],"date-time":"2011-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lymph node\u2010type T\u2010 and B\u2010cell infiltrates with germinal centers are characteristic features of the hyperplastic thymus in early onset myasthenia gravis (EOMG).Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV) infection confers survival advantages on B cells, and has recently been implicated in tertiary lymphoid tissue formation in EOMG. We evaluated the frequency of intrathymic EBV\u2010infected B\u2010lineage cells and antiviral immune responses in treatment\u2010naive patients with EOMG. Real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify the content of genomic EBV DNA (BamHI\u2010W repeat region) in thymic cell suspensions. Serial paraffin sections of EOMG thymi were analyzed for the presence of EBV\u2010encoded RNA by in situ hybridization and for viral gene expression by immunohistochemistry. Humoral and cellular immune responses to viral antigens were quantified by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry\u2010based intracellular cytokine staining. We detected minimal levels of viral DNA\u2014corresponding to single viral genomes\u2014in only 6 of 16 hyperplastic EOMG thymi, indicating extreme rarity of viral copy numbers in the investigated thymic samples. That was confirmed by similar rarity of EBV\u2010encoded RNA and viral proteins identified in thymic sections. Furthermore, EBV\u2010specific T\u2010 and B\u2010cell responses were unchanged in patients with EOMG. These findings do not support an etiologic role for EBV in the initiation of EOMG. Ann Neurol 2011;70: 508\u2013514.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,20]],"date-time":"2011-05-20T18:45:37Z","timestamp":1305917137000},"page":"508-514","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Intrathymic epstein\u2010barr virus infection is not a prominent feature of myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Kakalacheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Tackenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"M\u00fcnz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Willcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan D.","family":"L\u00fcnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri916"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Reflections on the \u201cintrathymic pathogenesis\u201d of myasthenia gravis","author":"Hohlfeld R","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1254.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.2.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(86)90082-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2527"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35095584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.2.991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","first-page":"378","article-title":"Greatly increased autoantibody production in myasthenia gravis by thymocyte suspensions prepared with proteolytic enzymes","volume":"54","author":"Willcox HN","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081720"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/11.12.3919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21886"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141553"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.9.1381"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.22488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.22488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T06:10:32Z","timestamp":1697436632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.22488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.22488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.22488","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}