{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:50:50Z","timestamp":1793109050775,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]],"date-time":"2012-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This Point of View article addresses neonatal encephalopathy (NE) presumably caused by hypoxia\u2013ischemia and the terminology currently in wide use for this disorder. The nonspecific term NE is commonly utilized for those infants with the clinical and imaging characteristics of neonatal hypoxic\u2013ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Multiple magnetic resonance imaging studies of term infants with the clinical setting of presumed hypoxia\u2013ischemia near the time of delivery have delineated a topography of lesions highly correlated with that defined by human neuropathology and by animal models, including primate models, of hypoxia\u2013ischemia. These imaging findings, coupled with clinical features consistent with perinatal hypoxic\u2013ischemic insult(s), warrant the specific designation of neonatal HIE. Ann Neurol 2012;72:156\u2013166<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]],"date-time":"2012-05-22T19:35:25Z","timestamp":1337715325000},"page":"156-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":322,"title":["Neonatal encephalopathy: An inadequate term for hypoxic\u2013ischemic encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Volpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318223f38d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(92)90026-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7172.1549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.02007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7172.1554"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12658-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","volume-title":"Neurology of the newborn","author":"Volpe JJ","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410090206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200201000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000085978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"Experimental models of perinatal hypoxic\u2010ischemic brain damage","volume":"40","author":"Vannucci RC","year":"1993","journal-title":"APMIS Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1982.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.2.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","first-page":"H1102","article-title":"Cerebral oxidative metabolism and redox state during hypoxia\u2010ischemia and early recovery in immature rats","volume":"261","author":"Yager JY","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"H672","article-title":"Cerebral energy metabolism during hypoxia\u2010ischemia and early recovery in immature rats","volume":"262","author":"Yager JY","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01423-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(92)90045-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.7.928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(00)00135-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(93)90006-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)80027-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(98)01010-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199205000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199301000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199701000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200206000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199805000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","first-page":"223","article-title":"Four patterns of perinatal brain damage and their conditions of occurrence in primates","volume":"10","author":"Myers RE","year":"1975","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(72)90124-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.4.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90032-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","volume-title":"Developmental pathology of the neonate","author":"Larroche JC","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","series-title":"Perspectives in pediatric pathology","first-page":"41","author":"Norman MG","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","volume-title":"Pathology of perinatal brain injury","author":"Rorke LB","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-73697-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1992.tb00694.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Greenfield's neuropathology","author":"Folkerth RD","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199711000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.037606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1977.00500140063013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1073044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307388800300405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-20403","article-title":"Neonatal diffusion\u2010weighted MR imaging: relation with histopathology or follow\u2010up MR examination","volume":"32","author":"Roelants\u2010Van Rijn AM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","first-page":"32","article-title":"Hypotensive brain stem necrosis. Selective symmetrical necrosis of tegmental neuronal aggregates following cardiac arrest","volume":"88","author":"Gilles FH","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2011.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.5.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-04-01302.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1996.tb01122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","first-page":"427","article-title":"Perinatal asphyxia: MR findings in the first 10 days","volume":"16","author":"Barkovich AJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(03)00015-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31818912d2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821f442d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2009.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_2","volume-title":"Neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy: defining the pathogenesis and pathophysiology","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gco.0000192984.15095.7c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14724-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181a9ef34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.2.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-0935-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2492071581"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.092445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2009.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(98)00002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6661(199905\/06)8:3<101::AID-MFM6>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-005-1077-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_2","volume-title":"Pediatric neuroimaging","author":"Barkovich AJ","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.6.824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.5.1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_2","first-page":"533","article-title":"MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging of sequential studies in neonates with encephalopathy","volume":"27","author":"Barkovich AJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_2","first-page":"1786","article-title":"Proton spectroscopy and diffusion imaging on the first day of life after perinatal asphyxia: preliminary report","volume":"22","author":"Barkovich AJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199809000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1999.tb00635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.4.542"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1992.tb11432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198905000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199611000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90086-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(76)90374-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80577-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(77)90481-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1979.tb11241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_2","first-page":"983","article-title":"Fetal electroencephalography using a new, flexible electrode","volume":"88","author":"Weller C","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynceol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200009000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91606-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09018.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.2.361"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0844-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-11-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/102153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70387-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2006.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01474.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2003.00174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1341-8076.2005.00266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31823240dd"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.1.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000153064.41332.f6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M405461200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_126_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Programs offer alternative to malpractice suits when newborns suffer neurologic injury","author":"Goldsmith JP","year":"2012","journal-title":"AAP News"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.23647","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.23647","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:36:46Z","timestamp":1697503006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.23647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.23647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.23647","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}}}