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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of HBO2 by 3 months post compression at 2 commonly employed dosing levels to treat PCS; whether specific subgroups may have benefited; and if no overall effect was found, whether benefit is masked by other conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This randomized, double\u2010blind, sham\u2010controlled study was conducted at the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Florida on 61 male Marines with a history of mTBI and PCS. Intervention consisted of 40 once daily 60\u2010minute hyperbaric chamber compressions at 2.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA) at 1 of 3 randomly preassigned oxygen fractions, resulting in respective blinded groups with an oxygen\u2010breathing exposure equivalent to (1) surface air (sham), (2) 100% oxygen at 1.5ATA, or (3) 100% oxygen at 2.0ATA. The main outcome measure was the Rivermead Post\u2010Concussion Questionnaire\u201016 (RPQ\u201016) collected before compressions and at 2 later points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The interaction of time by intervention group was not significant for improvement on the RPQ\u201016. Nor was there evidence of efficacy on the RPQ\u201016 for any subgroup. No significant time by intervention interaction was found for any functional, cognitive, or psychomotor secondary outcome measure at an unadjusted 0.05 significance level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a randomized control trial design and analysis including a sham, results showed no evidence of efficacy by 3 months post\u2010compression to treat the symptomatic, cognitive, or behavioral sequelae of PCS after combat\u2010related mTBI. 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