{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:44:29Z","timestamp":1791308669872,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"BMBF","award":["01GI1002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GI1002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008659","name":"ECTRIMS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of D\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdsseldorf"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), caused by JC virus (JCV), can occur in patients receiving natalizumab for multiple sclerosis (MS). JCV detection by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or brain biopsy, is required for probable or definite diagnosis of PML. However, in some patients only low levels of JCV DNA (&lt;100 copies\/ml) are present in CSF, making the diagnosis challenging. Our objective was to assess the complementary value of a CSF JCV antibody index (AI\n                      <jats:sub>JCV<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in the diagnosis of natalizumab\u2010associated PML.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AI\n                      <jats:sub>JCV<\/jats:sub>\n                      was assessed in 37 cases of natalizumab\u2010associated PML and 89 MS\u2010patients treated with natalizumab without PML. Sera and CSF were tested in a capture enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, using JCV\u2010VP1 fused to glutathione S\u2010transferase as antigen. Albumin levels and total immunoglobulin G concentration were determined by immunonephelometry, and the AI\n                      <jats:sub>JCV<\/jats:sub>\n                      was calculated as published.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010six of 37 (70%) patients with natalizumab\u2010associated PML exhibited an AI\n                      <jats:sub>JCV<\/jats:sub>\n                      &gt; 1.5, whereas this was seen in none of the controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). At time of the first positive qPCR for JCV DNA, 11 of 20 (55%) patients with natalizumab\u2010associated PML had an AI\n                      <jats:sub>JCV<\/jats:sub>\n                      &gt; 1.5. JCV DNA levels of &lt;100 copies\/ml were seen in 14 (70%) of these 20 patients, of whom 8 (57%) demonstrated an AI\n                      <jats:sub>JCV<\/jats:sub>\n                      &gt; 1.5.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Determination of the AI\n                      <jats:sub>JCV<\/jats:sub>\n                      could be an added tool in the diagnostic workup for PML and should be included in the case definition of natalizumab\u2010associated PML. Ann Neurol 2014;76:792\u2013801\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T06:00:43Z","timestamp":1397196043000},"page":"792-801","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid JC virus antibody index for diagnosis of natalizumab\u2010associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Clemens","family":"Warnke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"von Geldern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Bethesda 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Paper presented at: 27th Annual Meeting of the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers; May 29\u2013Jun 1 2013; Orlando FL. 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