{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:32:09Z","timestamp":1791178329551,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]],"date-time":"2015-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01NS082347-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01NS082347-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR 3760-A-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR 3760-A-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG 4212-A-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG 4212-A-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Braxton Debbie Angela Dillon and Skip (DADS) Donor Advisor Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether African American (AA) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients exhibit more retinal damage and visual impairment compared to Caucasian American (CA) MS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 687 MS patients (81 AAs) and 110 healthy control (HC) subjects (14 AAs) were recruited at 3 academic hospitals between 2008 and 2012. Using mixed effects regression models, we compared high\u2010 and low\u2010contrast visual acuity (HCVA and LCVA) and high\u2010definition spectral domain optical coherence tomography measures of retinal architecture between MS patients of self\u2010identified AA and CA ancestry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In HCs, baseline peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was 6.1\u00b5m greater in AAs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047), whereas ganglion cell\/inner plexiform layer (GCIP) thickness did not differ by race. In MS patients, baseline RNFL did not differ by race, and GCIP was 3.98\u00b5m thinner in AAs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). AAs had faster RNFL and GCIP thinning rates compared to CAs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046, respectively). AA MS patients had lower baseline HCVA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and worse LCVA per year of disease duration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.039). Among patients with an acute optic neuritis (AON) history, AAs had greater loss of HCVA than CA patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multicenter investigation provides objective evidence that AA MS patients exhibit accelerated retinal damage compared to CA MS patients. Self\u2010identified AA ancestry is associated with worse MS\u2010related visual disability, particularly in the context of an AON history, suggesting a more aggressive inflammatory disease course among AA MS patients or a subpopulation therein. Ann Neurol 2015;77:228\u2013236<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,8]],"date-time":"2014-11-08T08:47:38Z","timestamp":1415436458000},"page":"228-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Retinal damage and vision loss in <scp>A<\/scp>frican <scp>A<\/scp>merican multiple sclerosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Dorlan J.","family":"Kimbrough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias S.","family":"Sotirchos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Al\u2010Louzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Conger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrel","family":"Conger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa C.","family":"Frohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiv","family":"Saidha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari J.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot M.","family":"Frohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Balcer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University New York NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Calabresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.1.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.29.9_Part_1.1228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360805"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"428","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis in the black population [in French]","volume":"86","author":"Poser CM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182918cc2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms909oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000078199.99484.E2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e8e72a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000145762.60562.5D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000265057.79843.d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181cff6fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.2.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.4.839","article-title":"Primary and transitional progressive MS: a clinical and MRI cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"52","author":"Stevenson VL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511418630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b1a1c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopthalmol.2011.1576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.7995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080120057025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.6.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17551-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2008.07116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821cccf5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513494959"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31825fdec7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000101723.79681.38"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.24308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.24308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T10:08:53Z","timestamp":1696586933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.24308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.24308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]]}}}