{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:58:43Z","timestamp":1790053123351,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Race to Erase MS (to S.S.), National Institutes of Health","award":["5R01NS082347-02 [to P.A.C.] and R01NS070906 [to D.P.]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01NS082347-02 [to P.A.C.] and R01NS070906 [to D.P.]"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TR 3760-A-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR 3760-A-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RG 4212-A-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG 4212-A-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 EY 014993 and R01 EY 019473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY 014993 and R01 EY 019473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Braxton Debbie Angela Dillon and Skip (DADS) Donor Advisor Fund"},{"name":"Intramural Research Program of NINDS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this work was to determine whether atrophy of specific retinal layers and brain substructures are associated over time, in order to further validate the utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an indicator of neuronal tissue damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cirrus high\u2010definition OCT (including automated macular segmentation) was performed in 107 MS patients biannually (median follow\u2010up: 46 months). Three\u2010Tesla magnetic resonance imaging brain scans (including brain\u2010substructure volumetrics) were performed annually. Individual\u2010specific rates of change in retinal and brain measures (estimated with linear regression) were correlated, adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, and optic neuritis (ON) history.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rates of ganglion cell\u2009+\u2009inner plexiform layer (GCIP) and whole\u2010brain (r\u2009=\u20090.45;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), gray matter (GM; r\u2009=\u20090.37;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), white matter (WM; r\u2009=\u20090.28;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), and thalamic (r\u2009=\u20090.38;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) atrophy were associated. GCIP and whole\u2010brain (as well as GM and WM) atrophy rates were more strongly associated in progressive MS (r\u2009=\u20090.67;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than relapsing\u2010remitting MS (RRMS; r\u2009=\u20090.33;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007). However, correlation between rates of GCIP and whole\u2010brain (and additionally GM and WM) atrophy in RRMS increased incrementally with step\u2010wise refinement to exclude ON effects; excluding eyes and then patients (to account for a phenotype effect), the correlation increased to 0.45 and 0.60, respectively, consistent with effect modification. In RRMS, lesion accumulation rate was associated with GCIP (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.30;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and inner nuclear layer (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.25;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) atrophy rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over time GCIP atrophy appears to mirror whole\u2010brain, and particularly GM, atrophy, especially in progressive MS, thereby reflecting underlying disease progression. Our findings support OCT for clinical monitoring and as an outcome in investigative trials. Ann Neurol 2015;78:Ann Neurol 2015;78:679\u2013696<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,18]],"date-time":"2015-07-18T12:16:00Z","timestamp":1437221760000},"page":"801-813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":365,"title":["Optical coherence tomography reflects brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A four\u2010year study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Shiv","family":"Saidha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Al\u2010Louzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John N.","family":"Ratchford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavan","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiwon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Newsome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry L.","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dzung","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, The Henry M. 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