{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:52:01Z","timestamp":1791366721066,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The polyglutamine diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) and multiple spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), are among the commonest hereditary neurodegenerative diseases. They are caused by expanded CAG tracts, encoding glutamine, in different genes. Longer CAG repeat tracts are associated with earlier ages at onset, but this does not account for all of the difference, and the existence of additional genetic modifying factors has been suggested in these diseases. A recent genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) in HD found association between age at onset and genetic variants in DNA repair pathways, and we therefore tested whether the modifying effects of variants in DNA repair genes have wider effects in the polyglutamine diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assembled an independent cohort of 1,462 subjects with HD and polyglutamine SCAs, and genotyped single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the most significant hits in the HD study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the analysis of DNA repair genes as a group, we found the most significant association with age at onset when grouping all polyglutamine diseases (HD+SCAs;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.43 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20135<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). In individual SNP analysis, we found significant associations for rs3512 in\n                      <jats:italic>FAN1<\/jats:italic>\n                      with HD+SCAs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.52 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20135<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and all SCAs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2.22 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and rs1805323 in\n                      <jats:italic>PMS2<\/jats:italic>\n                      with HD+SCAs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3.14 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u20135<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), all in the same direction as in the HD GWAS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We show that DNA repair genes significantly modify age at onset in HD and SCAs, suggesting a common pathogenic mechanism, which could operate through the observed somatic expansion of repeats that can be modulated by genetic manipulation of DNA repair in disease models. This offers novel therapeutic opportunities in multiple diseases. Ann Neurol 2016;79:983\u2013990<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]],"date-time":"2016-04-04T17:45:27Z","timestamp":1459791927000},"page":"983-990","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":230,"title":["DNA repair pathways underlie a common genetic mechanism modulating onset in polyglutamine diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Bettencourt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology University College London London WC1N 3BG United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology University College London London WC1N 3BG United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davina","family":"Hensman\u2010Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, 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