{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T14:36:30Z","timestamp":1782311790932,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurophysiological biomarkers were assessed using a transcranial magnetic stimulation multiparadigm approach in 13 presymptomatic (n\u2009=\u200913 <jats:italic>Granulin<\/jats:italic>) and 14 symptomatic (n\u2009=\u200911 <jats:italic>Granulin<\/jats:italic>, n\u2009=\u20093 <jats:italic>C9orf72<\/jats:italic>) subjects with a pathogenic mutation for frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Intracortical facilitation and long\u2010term potentiation\u2013like plasticity were impaired in presymptomatic carriers, compared to healthy controls, more than 15 years before expected symptom onset. In symptomatic carriers, a decrease in short\u2010interval intracortical inhibition, compared to presymptomatic carriers, was found. In conclusion, these biomarkers could provide the footprints of specific physiopathological processes in the development of this disease and possibly support the diagnosis of autosomal\u2010dominant FTD. 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