{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:26:41Z","timestamp":1792070801449,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,22]],"date-time":"2017-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG054719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG054719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG043552\u201005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG043552\u201005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuroimaging and other biomarker assays suggest that the pathological processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) begin years prior to clinical dementia onset. However, some 30 to 50% of older individuals who harbor AD pathology do not become symptomatic in their lifetime. It is hypothesized that such individuals exhibit cognitive resilience that protects against AD dementia. We hypothesized that in cases with AD pathology, structural changes in dendritic spines would distinguish individuals who had or did not have clinical dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared dendritic spines within layer II and III pyramidal neuron dendrites in Brodmann area 46 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using the Golgi\u2013Cox technique in 12 age\u2010matched pathology\u2010free controls, 8 controls with AD pathology (CAD), and 21 AD cases. We used highly optimized methods to trace impregnated dendrites from bright\u2010field microscopy images that enabled accurate 3\u2010dimensional digital reconstruction of dendritic structure for morphologic analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spine density was similar among control and CAD cases but was reduced significantly in AD. Thin and mushroom spines were reduced significantly in AD compared to CAD brains, whereas stubby spine density was decreased significantly in CAD and AD compared to controls. Increased spine extent distinguished CAD cases from controls and AD. Linear regression analysis of all cases indicated that spine density was not associated with neuritic plaque score but did display negative correlation with Braak staging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These observations provide cellular evidence to support the hypothesis that dendritic spine plasticity is a mechanism of cognitive resilience that protects older individuals with AD pathology from developing dementia. Ann Neurol 2017;82:602\u2013614<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T10:12:59Z","timestamp":1505729579000},"page":"602-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":207,"title":["Dendritic spines provide cognitive resilience against\n                    <scp>A<\/scp>\n                    lzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Boros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey M.","family":"Greathouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik G.","family":"Gentry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall A.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Birchall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marla","family":"Gearing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7227-1470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy H.","family":"Herskowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511795745348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219668.47116.e6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-1179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-1178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"On a special ganglion of the spheno\u2010occipital cortex","author":"Ramon y Cajal S","year":"1901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000228230.26044.a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.6.566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.4.479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0910-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971006)386:4<661::AID-CNE11>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/11.6.558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(99)00179-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024134312173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.07.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21592799.2015.1133266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0381-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087778"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0839-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6410-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-07-02685.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35104061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80283-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2699"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24040"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.25049","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.25049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T09:11:12Z","timestamp":1696583472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.25049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.25049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25049","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}}}