{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:23:15Z","timestamp":1792264995326,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG034676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG034676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune encephalitis and compare it to that of infectious encephalitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a population\u2010based comparative study of the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune and infectious encephalitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Autoimmune encephalitis diagnosis and subgroups were defined by 2016 diagnostic criteria, and infectious encephalitis diagnosis required a confirmed infectious pathogen. Age\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted prevalence and incidence rates were calculated. Patients with encephalitis of uncertain etiology were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of autoimmune encephalitis on January 1, 2014 of 13.7\/100,000 was not significantly different from that of all infectious encephalitides (11.6\/100,000;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.63) or the viral subcategory (8.3\/100,000;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.17). The incidence rates (1995\u20132015) of autoimmune and infectious encephalitis were 0.8\/100,000 and 1.0\/100,000 person\u2010years, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.58). The number of relapses or recurrent hospitalizations was higher for autoimmune than infectious encephalitis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). The incidence of autoimmune encephalitis increased over time from 0.4\/100,000 person\u2010years (1995\u20132005) to 1.2\/100,000 person\u2010years (2006\u20132015;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), attributable to increased detection of autoantibody\u2010positive cases. The incidence (2.8 vs 0.7\/100,000 person\u2010years,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) and prevalence (38.3 vs 13.7\/100,000,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) of autoimmune encephalitis was higher among African Americans than Caucasians. The prevalence of specific neural autoantibodies was as follows: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, 1.9\/100,000; glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, 1.9\/100,000; unclassified neural autoantibody, 1.4\/100,000; leucine\u2010rich glioma\u2010inactivated protein 1, 0.7\/100,000; collapsin response\u2010mediator protein 5, 0.7\/100,000; N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate receptor, 0.6\/100,000; antineuronal nuclear antibody type 2, 0.6\/100,000; and glial fibrillary acidic protein \u03b1, 0.6\/100,000.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that the prevalence and incidence of autoimmune encephalitis are comparable to infectious encephalitis, and its detection is increasing over time. Ann Neurol 2018;83:166\u2013177<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T14:49:22Z","timestamp":1514904562000},"page":"166-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":728,"title":["Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Divyanshu","family":"Dubey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean J.","family":"Pittock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia R.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 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