{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:36:26Z","timestamp":1791333386720,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"NSERC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007248","name":"Mind Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005032","name":"BIAL foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between residual brain tissue in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) and the clinical condition is unclear. This observational study aimed to quantify gray (GM) and white matter (WM) atrophy in states of (altered) consciousness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Structural T1\u2010weighted magnetic resonance images were processed for 102 severely brain\u2010injured and 52 healthy subjects. Regional brain volume was quantified for 158 (sub)cortical regions using Freesurfer. The relationship between regional brain volume and clinical characteristics of patients with DOC and conscious brain\u2010injured patients was assessed using a linear mixed\u2010effects model. Classification of patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) using regional volumetric information was performed and compared to classification using cerebral glucose uptake from fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. For validation, the T1\u2010based classifier was tested on independent datasets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were characterized by smaller regional brain volumes than healthy subjects. Atrophy occurred faster in UWS compared to MCS (GM) and conscious (GM and WM) patients. Classification was successful (misclassification with leave\u2010one\u2010out cross\u2010validation between 2% and 13%) and generalized to the independent data set with an area under the receiver operator curve of 79% (95% confidence interval [CI; 67\u201391.5]) for GM and 70% (95% CI [55.6\u201385.4]) for WM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain volumetry at the single\u2010subject level reveals that regions in the default mode network and subcortical gray matter regions, as well as white matter regions involved in long range connectivity, are most important to distinguish levels of consciousness. Our findings suggest that changes of brain structure provide information in addition to the assessment of functional neuroimaging and thus should be evaluated as well. Ann Neurol 2018;83:842\u2013853<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]],"date-time":"2018-03-24T08:49:33Z","timestamp":1521881373000},"page":"842-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Regional brain volumetry and brain function in severely brain\u2010injured patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Jitka","family":"Annen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Frasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, Quantitative Methods for Social Sciences University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Sophia","family":"Crone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology UCLA Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizette","family":"Heine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"Auditory Cognition and Psychoacoustics Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0284-770X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol","family":"Di Perri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Dementia Prevention University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Martial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Cassol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athena","family":"Demertzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"INSERM, U 1127, F\u201075013, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 47 bd de l'H\u00f4pital 75013 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Naccache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U 1127, F\u201075013, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 47 bd de l'H\u00f4pital 75013 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Laureys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"and Coma Science Group Collaborators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(09)17704-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Coma Recovery Scale Revised Administration and Scoring Guidelines","author":"Giacino JT","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"883","volume":"81","author":"Wannez S","year":"2017","journal-title":"The repetition of behavioral assessments in diagnosis of disorders of consciousness"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-68"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.3.349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.4.758"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-9-35"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Diagnostic precision of PET imaging and functional MRI in disorders of consciousness: a clinical validation study","volume":"6736","author":"Stender J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quantitative rates of brain glucose metabolism distinguish minimally conscious from vegetative state patients","volume":"2014","author":"Stender J","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Structural brain injury in patients with disorders of consciousness: a voxel\u2010based morphometry study","volume":"9052","author":"Guldenmund P","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.668698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<272::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"R Core team.R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing 2012. Available at:http:\/\/www.r-project.org\/. 2012. Accessed 02\/04\/2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1024691079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.7.2845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"RubeauxM JayashriJ GomezF et al.Thalamic volume as a biomarker for Disorders Of Consciousness. In: SPIE 9287 10th International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis.2015. p.1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.694570"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(91)90008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199405263302101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30205-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-011-9149-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"506","article-title":"White matter changes in comatose survivors of anoxic ischemic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injury: comparative diffusion\u2010tensor imaging study","volume":"270","author":"Eerden AW","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2012-0088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.793395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SchiffND.Recovery of consciousness after brain injury: a mesocircuit hypothesis.2010;33:1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199708000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.010"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.25214","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.25214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T05:51:51Z","timestamp":1694325111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.25214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.25214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25214","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-06-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}