{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:15:52Z","timestamp":1790662552909,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008211","name":"Association France Parkinson","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012953","name":"Communaut\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012953","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dual hit hypothesis about the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD) suggests that the brainstem is a convergent area for the propagation of pathological \u03b1\u2010synuclein from the periphery to the brain. Although brainstem structures are likely to be affected early in the course of the disease, detailed information regarding specific brainstem regions is lacking. The aim of our study was to investigate the function of the superior colliculus, a sensorimotor brainstem structure, in de novo PD patients compared to controls using brain functional magnetic imaging and visual stimulation paradigms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>De novo PD patients and controls were recruited. PD subjects were imaged before and after starting PD medications. A recently developed functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol was used to stimulate and visualize the superior colliculus and 2 other visual structures: the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the 22 PD patients, there was no modulation of the superior colliculus responses to the luminance contrasts compared to controls. This implies a hypersensitivity to low luminance contrast and abnormal rapid blood oxygenation level\u2013dependent signal saturation to high luminance contrasts. The lateral geniculate nucleus was only modulated by 3 to 9% luminance contrasts compared to controls. No major differences were found in the primary visual cortex between both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that pathological superior colliculus visual responses in de novo PD patients are present early in the course of the disease. Changes in imaging the superior colliculus could play an important role as a preclinical biomarker of the disease. <jats:bold>ANN NEUROL 2020;87:533\u2013546<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T06:23:33Z","timestamp":1581056613000},"page":"533-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Visual Dysfunction of the Superior Colliculus in De Novo Parkinsonian Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Moro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Grenoble University Hospital Center  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Bellot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Meoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Grenoble University Hospital Center  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Pelissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Grenoble University Hospital Center  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Hera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retina Alpes  Montbonnot France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Dojat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5192-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Coizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Superior Colliculus Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617716000503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(76)90156-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0247-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06596.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.06.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4452-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2000\/421719"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)51011-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901840207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8702357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20001215)62:6<830::AID-JNR10>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.03.030180.001201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1986.66.1.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-102016-061234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07697.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08079.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-140485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-082114-035920"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.054"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.25696","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.25696","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ana.25696","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.25696","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T06:51:02Z","timestamp":1693551062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.25696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.25696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25696","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}