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Blood was collected at preinjury baseline and within 6 hours (early acute) and at 24 to 48 hours (late acute) following concussion in football players (n\u2009=\u2009106), matched uninjured football players (n\u2009=\u200984), and non\u2013contact\u2010sport athletes (n\u2009=\u200950). Glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin c\u2010terminal hydrolase\u2010L1, S100 calcium binding protein B, alpha\u2010II\u2010spectrin breakdown product 150, interleukin 6, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, and c\u2010reactive protein were measured in serum. Linear models assessed changes in protein concentrations over time. Receiver operating curves quantified the discrimination of concussed athletes from controls. A Cox proportional hazard model determined whether proteins were associated with symptom recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All proteins except glial fibrillary acidic protein and c\u2010reactive protein were significantly elevated at the early acute phase postinjury relative to baseline and both control groups and discriminated concussed athletes from controls with areas under the curve of 0.68 to 0.84. The candidate biomarkers also significantly improved the discrimination of concussed athletes from noncontact controls compared to symptom severity alone. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was elevated postinjury relative to baseline in concussed athletes with a loss of consciousness or amnesia. Finally, early acute levels of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist were associated with the number of days to symptom recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain injury and inflammatory proteins show promise as objective diagnostic biomarkers for sport\u2010related concussion, and inflammatory markers may provide prognostic value. <jats:bold>ANN NEUROL 2020;87:907\u2013920<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T04:24:02Z","timestamp":1585196642000},"page":"907-920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["A Prospective Study of Acute Blood\u2010Based Biomarkers for Sport\u2010Related Concussion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4495-2754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy B.","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Bohorquez\u2010Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan E.","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Marquette University  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Savitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laureate Institute for Brain Research  Tulsa OK USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Community Medicine University of Tulsa  Tulsa OK USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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