{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:33:01Z","timestamp":1790641981755,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) infection has the potential for targeting the central nervous system, and several neurological symptoms have been described in patients with severe respiratory distress. Here, we described the case of a 60\u2010year\u2010old patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) infection but only mild respiratory abnormalities who developed an akinetic mutism attributable to encephalitis. Magnetic resonance imaging was negative, whereas electroencephalography showed generalized theta slowing. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses during the acute stage were negative for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, positive for pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrachia, and showed increased interleukin\u20108 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 concentrations. Other infectious or autoimmune disorders were excluded. A progressive clinical improvement along with a reduction of cerebrospinal fluid parameters was observed after high\u2010dose steroid treatment, thus arguing for an inflammatory\u2010mediated brain involvement related to COVID\u201019.\n                    <jats:bold>ANN NEUROL 2020;88:423\u2013427.<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,17]],"date-time":"2020-05-17T05:11:05Z","timestamp":1589692265000},"page":"423-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":217,"title":["Steroid\u2010Responsive Encephalitis in Coronavirus Disease 2019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2029-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Pilotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation Centre FERB ONLUS \u2013 S. Isidoro Hospital  Trescore Balneario (BG) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Odolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Masciocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Comelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Volonghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Gazzina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Nocivelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pezzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4395-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Foc\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Public Health Disability Unit \u2010 IRCCS Neurology Institute Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria P.","family":"Pasolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2591-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Gasparotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience &amp; Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute  London UK"},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience &amp; Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-4354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience &amp; Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0119-3639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Padovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25824"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID\u201019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study","author":"Mao L","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30180-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.367.6482.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1387-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30290-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8925"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190941"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.25783","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.25783","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ana.25783","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.25783","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T12:47:13Z","timestamp":1692967633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.25783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.25783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25783","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.12.20062646","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}