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However, the specific brain structures responsible for best outcome are still debated. We applied probabilistic stimulation mapping to a retrospective, multidisorder DBS dataset assembled over 15\u2009years at our institution (n<jats:sub>total<\/jats:sub> = 482 patients; n<jats:sub>Parkinson disease<\/jats:sub> = 303; n<jats:sub>dystonia<\/jats:sub> = 64; n<jats:sub>tremor<\/jats:sub> = 39; n<jats:sub>treatment\u2010resistant depression\/anorexia nervosa<\/jats:sub> = 76) to identify the neuroanatomical substrates of optimal clinical response. Using high\u2010resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging and activation volume modeling, probabilistic stimulation maps (PSMs) that delineated areas of above\u2010mean and below\u2010mean response for each patient cohort were generated and defined in terms of their relationships with surrounding anatomical structures. Our results show that overlap between PSMs and individual patients' activation volumes can serve as a guide to predict clinical outcomes, but that this is not the sole determinant of response. In the future, individualized models that incorporate advancements in mapping techniques with patient\u2010specific clinical variables will likely contribute to the optimization of DBS target selection and improved outcomes for patients. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:426\u2013443<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T10:47:23Z","timestamp":1606733243000},"page":"426-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Probabilistic Mapping of Deep Brain Stimulation: Insights from 15\u2009Years of Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7495-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin J. 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