{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:44:16Z","timestamp":1791229456523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was undertaken to identify preoperative predictive factors of long\u2010term motor outcome in a large cohort of consecutive Parkinson disease (PD) patients with bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN\u2010DBS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All consecutive PD patients who underwent bilateral STN\u2010DBS at the Grenoble University Hospital (France) from 1993 to 2015 were evaluated before surgery, at 1\u2009year (short\u2010term), and in the long term after surgery. All available demographic variables, neuroimaging data, and clinical characteristics were collected. Preoperative predictors of long\u2010term motor outcome were investigated by performing survival and univariate\/multivariate Cox regression analyses. Loss of motor benefit from stimulation in the long term was defined as a reduction of less than 25% in the Movement Disorder Society\u2013sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS\u2010UPDRS) part III scores compared to the baseline off\u2010medication scores. As a secondary objective, potential predictors of short\u2010term motor outcome after STN\u2010DBS were assessed by performing univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the long\u2010term analyses (mean follow\u2010up = 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20096.26\u2009years, median = 10\u2009years, range = 1\u201317\u2009years), 138 patients were included. Preoperative higher frontal score and off\u2010medication MDS\u2010UPDRS part III scores predicted a better long\u2010term motor response to stimulation, whereas the presence of vascular changes on neuroimaging predicted a worse motor outcome. In 357 patients with available 1\u2010year follow\u2010up, preoperative levodopa response, tremor dominant phenotype, baseline frontal score, and off\u2010medication MDS\u2010UPDRS part III scores predicted the short\u2010term motor outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frontal lobe dysfunction, disease severity in the off\u2010medication condition, and the presence of vascular changes on neuroimaging represent the main preoperative clinical predictors of long\u2010term motor STN\u2010DBS effects. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:587\u2013597<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T13:08:03Z","timestamp":1608642483000},"page":"587-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Predictors of Long\u2010Term Outcome of Subthalamic Stimulation in Parkinson Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5836-1982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Cavallieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Unit, University Hospital Center Grenoble Alpes University  Grenoble France"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department Azienda USL\u2010IRCCS di Reggio Emilia  Reggio Emilia Italy"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Fraix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Unit, University Hospital Center Grenoble Alpes University  Grenoble France"},{"name":"Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, UGA INSERM U1216  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2959-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Bove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Unit, University Hospital Center Grenoble Alpes University  Grenoble France"},{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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