{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:04:20Z","timestamp":1791489860909,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine is three times more common in women. CGRP plays a critical role in migraine pathology and causes female\u2010specific behavioral responses upon meningeal application. These effects are likely mediated through interactions of CGRP with signaling systems specific to females. Prolactin (PRL) levels have been correlated with migraine attacks. Here, we explore a potential interaction between CGRP and PRL in the meninges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prolactin, CGRP, and receptor antagonists CGRP8\u201037 or \u03941\u20109\u2010G129R\u2010hPRL were administered onto the dura of rodents followed by behavioral testing. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine PRL, CGRP and Prolactin receptor (Prlr) expression within the dura. Electrophysiology on cultured and back\u2010labeled trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons was used to assess PRL\u2010induced excitability. Finally, the effects of PRL on evoked CGRP release from ex vivo dura were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that dural PRL produced sustained and long\u2010lasting migraine\u2010like behavior in cycling and ovariectomized female, but not male rodents. Prlr was expressed on dural afferent nerves in females with little\u2010to\u2010no presence in males. Consistent with this, PRL increased excitability only in female TG neurons innervating the dura and selectively sensitized CGRP release from female ex vivo dura. We demonstrate crosstalk between PRL and CGRP systems as CGRP8\u201037 decreases migraine\u2010like responses to dural PRL. Reciprocally, \u03941\u20109\u2010G129R\u2010hPRL attenuates dural CGRP\u2010induced migraine behaviors. Similarly, Prlr deletion from sensory neurons significantly reduced migraine\u2010like responses to dural CGRP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This CGRP\u2010PRL interaction in the meninges is a mechanism by which these peptides could produce female\u2010selective responses and increase the prevalence of migraine in women. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1129\u20131144<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T05:04:52Z","timestamp":1616389492000},"page":"1129-1144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Meningeal\n                    <scp>CGRP<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Prolactin Interaction Evokes Female\u2010Specific Migraine Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4155-8484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Avona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies University of Texas at Dallas  Richardson TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca N.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies University of Texas at Dallas  Richardson TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Burgos\u2010Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies University of Texas at Dallas  Richardson TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahit H.","family":"Hovhannisyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei N.","family":"Belugin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Mecklenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Goffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1151 Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6623-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naureen","family":"Wajahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies University of Texas at Dallas  Richardson TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore J.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies University of Texas at Dallas  Richardson TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armen N.","family":"Akopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Dussor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies University of Texas at Dallas  Richardson TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0846-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"S17","article-title":"Migraine prevalence. 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