{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:18:49Z","timestamp":1790842729688,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic sleep disorder correlated with loss of hypocretin(orexin). In NT1 post\u2010mortem brains, we observed 88% reduction in corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone (CRH)\u2010positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and significantly less CRH\u2010positive fibers in the median eminence, whereas CRH\u2010neurons in the locus coeruleus and thalamus, and other PVN neuronal populations were spared: that is, vasopressin, oxytocin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and thyrotropin releasing hormone\u2010expressing neurons. Other hypothalamic cell groups, that is, the suprachiasmatic, ventrolateral preoptic, infundibular, and supraoptic nuclei and nucleus basalis of Meynert, were unaffected. The surprising selective decrease in CRH\u2010neurons provide novel targets for diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:282\u2013288<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T06:03:15Z","timestamp":1641276195000},"page":"282-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Reduced Numbers of Corticotropin\u2010Releasing Hormone Neurons in Narcolepsy Type 1"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4765-2474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Centre  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Sleep Wake Centre SEIN  Heemstede The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawien","family":"Balesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9665-7845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dick F.","family":"Swaab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert Jan","family":"Lammers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Centre  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Sleep Wake Centre SEIN  Heemstede The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Fronczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Centre  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Sleep Wake Centre SEIN  Heemstede The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0226-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/79690"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00058-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000175219.01544.c8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000168173.71940.ab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050872"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao4953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"The human hypothalamus: basic and clinical aspects. Part 1: nuclei of the human hypothalamus","author":"Swaab DF","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-02-00563.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201488977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b2a6af"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05582-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12138"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.26300","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ana.26300","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.26300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T02:05:36Z","timestamp":1692842736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.26300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.26300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26300","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}