{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T21:07:29Z","timestamp":1793480849193,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002565","name":"Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002565","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Alzheimer disease (AD) animal models, synaptic dysfunction has recently been linked to a disorder of high\u2010frequency neuronal activity. In patients, a clear relation between AD and oscillatory activity remains elusive. Here, we attempt to shed light on this relation by using a novel approach combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS\u2010EEG) to probe oscillatory activity in specific hubs of the frontoparietal network in a sample of 60 mild\u2010to\u2010moderate AD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty mild\u2010to\u2010moderate AD patients and 21 age\u2010matched healthy volunteers (HVs) underwent 3 TMS\u2010EEG sessions to assess cortical oscillations over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the precuneus, and the left posterior parietal cortex. To investigate the relations between oscillatory activity, cortical plasticity, and cognitive decline, AD patients underwent a TMS\u2010based neurophysiological characterization and a cognitive evaluation at baseline. The latter was repeated after 24\u2009weeks to monitor clinical evolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AD patients showed a significant reduction of frontal gamma activity as compared to age\u2010matched HVs. In addition, AD patients with a more prominent decrease of frontal gamma activity showed a stronger impairment of long\u2010term potentiation\u2013like plasticity and a more pronounced cognitive decline at subsequent follow\u2010up evaluation at 24\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data provide novel evidence that frontal lobe gamma activity is dampened in AD patients. The current results point to the TMS\u2010EEG approach as a promising technique to measure individual frontal gamma activity in patients with AD. This index could represent a useful biomarker to predict disease progression and to evaluate response to novel pharmacological therapies. 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