{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:25:43Z","timestamp":1791959143176,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was undertaken to characterize clinical expression and intracerebral electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of emotional expression during prefrontal epileptic seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a descriptive analysis of seizure semiology in patients explored with stereo\u2010EEG (SEEG) for pharmacoresistant prefrontal epilepsy, using a semiquantitative score for seizure\u2010related emotional behavior. Two independent observers scored occurrence and intensity of objective emotional features (face\/body movements\/vocalization\/overall appearance), testing interobserver reliability. Intracerebral electrophysiological changes were documented. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) compared behavioral signs with neural SEEG correlates. For each patient, the clinical and anatomoelectrophysiological scores were established, based on a prototypical emotional seizure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010two patients (469 seizures) were included. Interobserver correlation for emotional signs was satisfactory (kappa\u00a0=\u00a00.6\u20130.8). Prevalence of any subjective and\/or objective ictal emotional phenomena was 79% (33\/42); objective emotional signs occurred in 27 of 42 subjects (64%). Negatively valenced emotional semiology (ictal feeling of fear, defensive and\/or aggressive behaviors) was much more prevalent than positively valenced, prosocial behaviors. Cluster analysis and PCA identified 4 groups with different occurrence of emotional signs and cerebral correlates. Two main clusters of negatively valenced behavior were identified: \u201cactive threat response,\u201d associated with seizure organizations involving posterior orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and dorsolateral and\/or ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; and \u201cpassive fear,\u201d associated with amygdala, other mesial temporal structures, and posterior orbitofrontal cortex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emotional behaviors, especially fear\/threat response, are common in prefrontal seizures, reflecting the role of the prefrontal cortex in emotional control. Different cortical seizure localizations were associated with \u201cpassive fear\u201d and \u201cactive threat response\u201d seizure behaviors at the group level. 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