{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:04:51Z","timestamp":1791450291268,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS113828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS113828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01NS071463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01NS071463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S1\u20101808\u201032326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S1\u20101808\u201032326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)\u2010IgG and aquaporin\u20104 (AQP4)\u2010IgG among patients with pediatric\u2010onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and healthy controls, to determine whether seropositive cases fulfilled their respective diagnostic criteria, to compare characteristics and outcomes in children with POMS versus MOG\u2010IgG\u2010associated disease (MOGAD), and identify clinical features associated with final diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with POMS and healthy controls were enrolled at 14 US sites through a prospective case\u2013control study on POMS risk factors. Serum AQP4\u2010IgG and MOG\u2010IgG were assessed using live cell\u2010based assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AQP4\u2010IgG was negative among all 1,196 participants, 493 with POMS and 703 healthy controls. MOG\u2010IgG was positive in 30 of 493 cases (6%) and zero controls. Twenty\u2010five of 30 patients positive with MOG\u2010IgG (83%) had MOGAD, whereas 5 of 30 (17%) maintained a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) on re\u2010review of records. MOGAD cases were more commonly in female patients (21\/25 [84%] vs 301\/468 [64%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.044), younger age (mean\u00a0=\u00a08.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2 vs 14.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u2009years;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), more commonly had initial optic nerve symptoms (16\/25 [64%] vs 129\/391 [33%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM; 8\/25 [32%] vs 9\/468 [2%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and less commonly had initial spinal cord symptoms (3\/20 [15%] vs 194\/381 [51%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), serum Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) positivity (11\/25 [44%] vs 445\/468 [95%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), or cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands (5\/25 [20%] vs 243\/352 [69%];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MOG\u2010IgG and AQP4\u2010IgG were not identified among healthy controls confirming their high specificity for pediatric central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease. Five percent of those with prior POMS diagnoses ultimately had MOGAD; and none had AQP4\u2010IgG positivity. Clinical features associated with a final diagnosis of MOGAD in those with suspected MS included initial ADEM phenotype, younger age at disease onset, and lack of EBV exposure. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:271\u2013284<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T03:39:45Z","timestamp":1662867585000},"page":"271-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["<scp>MOG<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>AQP4<\/scp>\n                    Antibodies among Children with Multiple Sclerosis and Controls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5639-2061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina M.","family":"Gaudioso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University Pediatric MS and Other Demyelinating Disease Center St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8449-2003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soe","family":"Mar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University Pediatric MS and Other Demyelinating Disease Center St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Charles","family":"Casper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Codden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and the Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Aaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA 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