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We aimed to use receptor target maps combined with resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to identify which neurotransmitters might modulate brain circuits involved in VSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used Receptor\u2010Enriched Analysis of Functional Connectivity by Targets (REACT) to estimate and compare the molecular\u2010enriched functional networks related to 5\u00a0neurotransmitter systems of patients with VSS (n\u2009=\u200924), healthy controls (HCs; n\u2009=\u200924), and migraine patients ([MIG], n\u2009=\u200925, 15 of whom had migraine with aura [MwA]). For REACT we used receptor density templates for the transporters of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin, GABA\u2010A and NMDA receptors, as well as 5HT<jats:sub>1B<\/jats:sub> and 5HT<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub> receptors, and estimated the subject\u2010specific voxel\u2010wise maps of functional connectivity (FC). We then performed voxel\u2010wise comparisons of these maps among HCs, MIG, and VSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with VSS had reduced FC in glutamatergic networks localized in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) compared to HCs and patients with migraine, and reduced FC in serotoninergic networks localized in the insula, temporal pole, and orbitofrontal cortex compared to controls, similar to patients with migraine with aura. Patients with VSS also showed reduced FC in 5HT<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\u2010enriched networks, largely localized in occipito\u2010temporo\u2010parietal association cortices. As revealed by subgroup analyses, these changes were independent of, and analogous to, those found in patients with migraine with aura.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that glutamate and serotonin are involved in brain connectivity alterations in areas of the visual, salience, and limbic systems in VSS. Importantly, altered serotonergic connectivity is independent of migraine in VSS, and simultaneously comparable to that of migraine with aura, highlighting a shared biology between the disorders. 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