{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:13:16Z","timestamp":1773789196960,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT\u2010156257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT\u2010156257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG\u20101806\u201031457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\u20101806\u201031457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. It has been hypothesized that hypoxia plays a role in the pathogenesis of MS. This study was undertaken to investigate the reproducibility of non\u2010invasively measured cortical microvascular hemoglobin oxygenation (S<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) using frequency domain near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fdNIRS), investigate its temporal pattern of hypoxia in people with MS (pwMS), and its relationship with neurocognitive function and mood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the reproducibility of fdNIRS measurements. We measured cortical hypoxia in pwMS, and the relationships between S<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, neurocognitive function, fatigue, and measures of physical disability. Furthermore, we cataloged the temporal pattern of S<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> measured at 1\u2010week intervals for 4\u2009weeks, and at 8\u2009weeks and ~1\u2009year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We show that fdNIRS parameters were highly reproducible in 7 healthy control participants measured over 6\u2009days (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). There was low variability between and within subjects. In line with our previous findings, we show that 33% of pwMS (n\u2009=\u200988) have cortical microvascular hypoxia. Over 8\u2009weeks and at ~1\u2009year, S<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values for normoxic and hypoxic groups did not change significantly. There was no significant association between cognitive function and S<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. This conclusion should be revisited as only a small proportion of the relapsing\u2010remitting MS group (21%) was cognitively impaired.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fdNIRS parameters have high reproducibility and repeatability, and we have demonstrated that hypoxia in MS is a chronic condition, lasting at least a year. The results show a weak relationship between cognitive functioning and oxygenation, indicating future study is required. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1067\u20131079<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T08:54:41Z","timestamp":1692694481000},"page":"1067-1079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Temporal Pattern of Cortical Hypoxia in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Significance on Neuropsychological and Clinical Measures of Disability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0312-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damilola D.","family":"Adingupu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taelor","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ateyeh","family":"Soroush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayden","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Neurologic Centre  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lenora","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9728-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff F.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328346056f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318345110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518791683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/73\/7\/076701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/44\/3\/015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-37"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.03.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.101508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.57.5.570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12932"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-6-27"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1118oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-79948-3_1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2013.860602"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617708080508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515622696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00421-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-004-0954-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21641846.2014.909963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.3.3.031403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.17.8.081406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.12.1747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00018.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00208.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216649060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2007.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-101821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70259-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d6b125"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.26769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T20:58:57Z","timestamp":1702673937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.26769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.26769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26769","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}