{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:28:14Z","timestamp":1786976894915,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81830038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81830038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JQ23027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JQ23027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare vasculitis restricted to the brain, spinal cord, and leptomeninges. This study aimed to describe the imaging characteristics of patients with small vessel PACNS (SV\u2010PACNS) using 7\u2009T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This ongoing prospective observational cohort study included patients who met the Calabrese and Mallek criteria and underwent 7\u2009T MRI scan. The MRI protocol includes T1\u2010weighted magnetization\u2010prepared rapid gradient echo imaging, T2 star weighted imaging, and susceptibility\u2010weighted imaging. Two experienced readers independently reviewed the neuroimages. Clinical data were extracted from the electronic patient records. The findings were then applied to a cohort of patients with large vessel central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 21 patients with SV\u2010PACNS from December 2021 to November 2023. Of these, 12 (57.14%) had cerebral cortical microhemorrhages with atrophy. The pattern with microhemorrhages was described in detail based on the gradient echo sequence, leading to the identification of what we have termed the \u201ccoral\u2010like sign.\u201d The onset age of patients with coral\u2010like sign (33.83\u2009\u00b1\u20099.93\u2009years) appeared younger than that of patients without coral\u2010like sign (42.11\u2009\u00b1\u200914.18\u2009years) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.131). Furthermore, the cerebral lesions in patients with cortical microhemorrhagic SV\u2010PACNS showed greater propensity toward bilateral lesions (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). The coral\u2010like sign was not observed in patients with large vessel CNS vasculitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The key characteristics of the coral\u2010like sign represent cerebral cortical diffuse microhemorrhages with atrophy, which may be an important MRI pattern of SV\u2010PACNS. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:194\u2013203<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T06:59:28Z","timestamp":1714028368000},"page":"194-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cortical Microhemorrhage Presentation of Small Vessel Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2658-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiantan Neuroimaging Center of Excellence, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases 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