{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:12:11Z","timestamp":1789269131400,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Outcomes following vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) improve over years after implantation in children with drug\u2010resistant epilepsy. The added value of deep brain stimulation (DBS) instead of continued VNS optimization is unknown. In a prospective, non\u2010blinded, randomized patient preference trial of 18 children (aged 8\u201317\u2009years) who did not respond to VNS after at least 1\u2009year, add\u2010on DBS resulted in greater seizure reduction compared with an additional year of VNS optimization (51.9% vs. 12.3%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.047). Add\u2010on DBS also resulted in less bothersome seizures (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03), but no change in quality of life. DBS may be considered earlier for childhood epilepsy after non\u2010response to VNS. 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