{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T01:16:05Z","timestamp":1792286165063,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GO 3493\/1\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GO 3493\/1\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR 4590\/3\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR 4590\/3\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether choroid plexus volumes in subacute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) patients with neurological symptoms could indicate inflammatory activation or barrier dysfunction and assess their association with clinical data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choroid plexus volumes were measured in 28 subacute COVID\u201019 patients via cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), compared with those in infection\u2010triggered non\u2010COVID\u201019 encephalopathy patients (n\u2009=\u200925), asymptomatic individuals after COVID\u201019 (n\u2009=\u200921), and healthy controls (n\u2009=\u200921). Associations with inflammatory serum markers (peak counts of leukocytes, C\u2010reactive protein [CRP], interleukin 6), an MRI\u2010based marker of barrier dysfunction (CSF volume fraction [V\u2010CSF]), and clinical parameters like olfactory performance and cognitive scores (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 patients showed significantly larger choroid plexus volumes than control groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, \u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.172). These volumes correlated significantly with peak leukocyte levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, Pearson's r\u2009=\u20090.621) and V\u2010CSF (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009, Spearman's rho\u2009=\u20090.534), but neither with CRP nor interleukin 6. No significant correlations were found with clinical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with subacute COVID\u201019, choroid plexus volume is a marker of central nervous system inflammation and barrier dysfunction in the presence of neurologic symptoms. The absence of plexus enlargement in infection\u2010triggered non\u2010COVID\u201019 encephalopathy suggests a specific severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 effect. This study also documents an increase in choroid plexus volume for the first time as a parainfectious event. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:715\u2013725<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T11:59:35Z","timestamp":1719489575000},"page":"715-725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Inflammation\u2010Triggered Enlargement of Choroid Plexus in Subacute <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 Patients with Neurological Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Rau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7209-1736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Escamilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, 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