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Among participants with longitudinal measures, we compared the changes in body composition over time between individuals who later developed MND and those who remained free of MND.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 412,691 individuals included in this study, 549 people received an MND diagnosis during the follow\u2010up visit. Higher birth weight was associated with an increased risk of MND among individuals born over 4\u2009kg (hazard ratio [HR] per kg increase\u2009=\u20092.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.38\u20133.55), and taller adult height was associated with an increased risk of MND (HR per 5\u2009cm increase\u2009=\u20091.10, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.03\u20131.17). We observed that measures of elevated fat mass were associated with a lower risk of MND more than 5\u2009years before diagnosis. A higher \u201cleg\u2010dominant fat distribution\u201d pattern was associated with an increased risk whereas higher \u201cmuscle strength\u201d was associated with a reduced risk of MND 5\u2009years before diagnosis. Longitudinal analyses indicated a faster decline in measures of fat mass and muscle strength, as well as a shift in fat distribution from arm to leg dominant, among individuals who later developed MND, compared with others.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Body composition at early and middle age may be indicative of the risk of MND development. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:259\u2013269<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T02:14:50Z","timestamp":1729908890000},"page":"259-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association Between Early\u2010Life and Premorbid Measurements of Body Composition and Risk of Motor Neuron Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study in the <scp>UK<\/scp> Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9722-5596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily E.","family":"Joyce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shishi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and West China 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