{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:51:47Z","timestamp":1792227107341,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2017 McDonald criteria continued the separation of diagnostic criteria for relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS) for historical, rather than biological, reasons. We aimed to explore the feasibility of a single, unified set of diagnostic criteria when applied to patients with suspected PPMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively identified patients evaluated for suspected PPMS at 5 European centers. The 2017 McDonald PPMS criteria was the gold standard against which the 2017 McDonald RRMS dissemination in space (DIS) and dissemination in time criteria were evaluated. We also investigated modified RRMS DIS criteria, including: (i) optic nerve lesions; (ii) \u22652 spinal cord lesions; and (iii) higher fulfilment of DIS criteria alone (lesions in \u22653 regions) without dissemination in time\/positive cerebrospinal fluid, for a diagnosis of PPMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 282 patients were diagnosed with PPMS using the 2017 McDonald criteria, and 40 with alternate disorders. The 2017 McDonald RRMS DIS criteria and the modified DIS criteria including the optic nerve or \u22652 spinal cord lesions performed well in PPMS diagnosis when combined with dissemination in time\/positive cerebrospinal fluid (sensitivity 92.9\u201395.4%, specificity 95%, accuracy 93.2\u201395.3%). A diagnosis of PPMS based on high fulfillment of modified RRMS DIS criteria had high specificity, but low sensitivity. A diagnostic algorithm applicable to patients evaluated for suspected MS is proposed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2017 McDonald RRMS criteria and modifications to DIS criteria, currently under consideration, performed well in PPMS diagnosis. Forthcoming revisions to the McDonald criteria should consider a single, unified set of diagnostic criteria for MS. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:571\u2013582<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T03:24:25Z","timestamp":1732764265000},"page":"571-582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Towards a Unified Set of Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0481-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wallace J.","family":"Brownlee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neuroinflammation UCL Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Center  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Vidal\u2010Jordana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madiha","family":"Shatila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neuroinflammation UCL Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Strijbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam University Medical College VUMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Schoof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam University Medical College VUMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joep","family":"Killestein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam University Medical College VUMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Barkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neuroinflammation UCL Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam University Medical College VUMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Computing University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2132-6750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology. Department of Radiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1589-2254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaume","family":"Sastre\u2010Garriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Tintore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat de Vic\u2010Universitat Central de Catalunya  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2358-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2550-0805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Azzimonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Bodini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Brain Institute Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP H\u00f4pital Universitaire Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lazzarotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Brain Institute Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP H\u00f4pital Universitaire Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9631-4674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Stankoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Brain Institute Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP H\u00f4pital Universitaire Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Montalban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat de Vic\u2010Universitat Central de Catalunya  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed T.","family":"Toosy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neuroinflammation UCL Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Center  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neuroinflammation UCL Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neuroinflammation UCL Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Center  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the MAGNIMS Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30481-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200006)47:6<831::AID-ANA21>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30959-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00148-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00289-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509358090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.4.625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513488231"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4689"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520910496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135245850000600205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30460-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30469-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00393-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516667565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004715"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519846103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509348422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2478"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221118677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2160"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.27145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T07:33:42Z","timestamp":1739777622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.27145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.27145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.27145","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}