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Herein, we aimed to characterize amyloid\u2010\u03b2 (A\u03b2) protofibril (PF) captured by lecanemab in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from living participants with different stages in AD, which enable an enhanced understanding of the dynamic changes of lecanemab\u2010associated A\u03b2\u2010PF (Lec\u2010PF) in vivo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We newly developed a unique and highly sensitive immunoassay method using lecanemab that selectively captures Lec\u2010PF. The CSF level of Lec\u2010PF, A\u03b242, A\u03b240, p\u2010tau181, p\u2010tau 217, total tau, and neurogranin were measured in Japanese participants (n\u2009=\u2009163). The participants in this study consisted of 48 cognitively unimpaired A\u03b2\u2010negative (CU\u2013), 8 cognitively impaired diagnosed as suspected non\u2010Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, 9 cognitively unimpaired A\u03b2\u2010positive (CU+), 34 A\u03b2\u2010positive with mild cognitive impairment (MCI+), and 64 A\u03b2\u2010positive with AD dementia (AD+).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CSF Lec\u2010PF levels significantly increased in the groups of MCI+ and AD+ compared with CU\u2013 group. Notably, CSF Lec\u2010PF showed modest correlation with plaque\u2010associated biomarkers in A\u03b2\u2010positive participants and stronger correlation with neurodegeneration biomarkers, such as CSF total tau and neurogranin, suggesting that CSF Lec\u2010PF levels proximally reflect neurodegeneration as well as the amount of senile amyloid plaques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first report describing A\u03b2\u2010PF species captured by lecanemab in human CSF and supporting that Lec\u2010PF is correlated with neurodegeneration in AD and may explain the mechanism of the clinical effect of lecanemab. 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