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A large sample of age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls was imaged at identical temporal intervals to account for typical neurodevelopmental changes, and to assess how trauma potentially affects developmental trajectories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 269 pmTBI (age\u2009=\u200914.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9; 41.6% female) and 232 healthy controls (age\u2009=\u200914.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9; 44.8% female) were included in the final analyses (&gt;70% 1\u2010year retention). Results demonstrated that the presence of loss of consciousness and\/or post\u2010traumatic amnesia was associated with increased brain age up to 1\u2010year post\u2010injury, increased frontal cortical thickness at 4\u2009months, as well as hippocampal atrophy across all time points relative to controls. \u201cMild\u201d head trauma also interfered with hippocampal neurodevelopment in a dose\u2010dependent fashion, including within the CA1 subfield. In contrast, post\u2010concussive symptom burden was not associated with any structural abnormalities or alterations to neurodevelopment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current findings suggest a dose\u2010dependent relationship between injury severity and alterations in both global and regional brain structure within the spectrum of pmTBI. Our results emphasize the importance of using objective biomarkers rather than subjective self\u2010reported symptoms to better understand the long\u2010term effects of injury. 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