{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:30:47Z","timestamp":1757543447457},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]],"date-time":"2004-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9595,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The accepted hypothesis for the pathophysiology of tonic pupil syndrome (Adie syndrome) was rexamined in light of recent developments concerning deneravation supersensitivity of cholinergically innervated smooth muscle. Kinetic analysis suggests that enzymatic hydrolysis is unimportant relative to convective diffusion in the turnover of acetylcholine in the aqueous humor. We postulate that the greater response to near stimuli than to light stimuli and the delay in iris sphincter contraction and relaxation can be explained by release of acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junction of the ciliary muscle followed by transaqueous diffusion to receptor sites on denervated, supersensitive iris sphincter muscle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410040102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T16:45:22Z","timestamp":1104597922000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Transaqueous diffusion of acetylcholine to denervated iris sphincter muscle: A mechanism for the tonic pupil syndrome (adie syndrome)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Wirtschafter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald J.","family":"Sawchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/55.1.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"The site of the disturbance in tonic pupils","volume":"38","author":"Adler FH","year":"1940","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","series-title":"Muscular Mechanisms","first-page":"224","volume-title":"The Eye","author":"Alpern M","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"58","volume-title":"The Supersensitivity of Denervated Structures","author":"Cannon WB","year":"1949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-197501540-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000306235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/91.3.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"592","article-title":"Localization of acetylcholinesterase in the rabbit cornea by light and electron microscopy","volume":"14","author":"Howard RO","year":"1975","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"279","article-title":"The inhibitory influence of the cervical sympathetic nerve upon the sphincter muscle of the iris","volume":"55","author":"Joseph DR","year":"1921","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"143","article-title":"Multiple forms of acetylcholinesterase from the ciliary body of the human eye","volume":"19","author":"Lachman C","year":"1975","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"555","article-title":"Specific neurohistology comes of age: a look back and a look forward","volume":"11","author":"Laties AM","year":"1972","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(67)90579-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1967.00470280053006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"661","volume-title":"Biology of Cholinergic Function","author":"Saelens JK","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"1476","article-title":"Der Einfluss von Diathyl p\u2010nitrophenyl phosphat auf den Acetylcholin Gehalt des Kammerwassers. 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