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The commonly expressed hypotheses of pathogenesis\u2014aberrant regeneration and fiber excitation by false synapse formation (ephapses) at the site of injury\u2014cannot account for all aspects of these phenomena or for the uniqueness of such movements to the distribution of the seventh nerve.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The suggestion is made that the existing diversity of facial motor behavior, which encompasses voluntary, emotional, and especially automatic, associated, and reflexive movements, is based on a unique central organization that sets it apart from other motor groups. I hypothesize that because of this organization, the changes following axonal injury\u2014which include selective deafferentation, glial response, axonal sprouting, functional reconnection, and hyperexcitability from dendritic spike generation\u2014can unmask and augment automatic, associated, and reflexive movements already present in the facial neuronal network to result in facial hyperkinesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410040202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T16:45:41Z","timestamp":1104597941000},"page":"97-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Hemifacial spasm and the facial nucleus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"John H.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1930.0047"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/84.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00325030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410020114"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(67)90215-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900820306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"839","volume-title":"Histologie du Syst\u00e8me Nerveux de l'Homme et des Vert\u00e9br\u00e9s","author":"Cajal SR","year":"1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Darwin and Facial Expression: A Century of Research in Review","author":"Charlesworth WR","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(66)90126-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(70)90345-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10001-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1939.02270220011001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/61.3.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901520405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1971.00490010091012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1945.02300030042006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.2.5-6.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(60)90120-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901670205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901670206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"499","article-title":"Is there a decussation of the facial motor nerve root? 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