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To examine this further, we studied electrophysiological and morphological features of posterior tibial nerves and their distal branches from four\u2010week streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic rats and matched controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Diabetic rat posterior tibial motor conduction was slowed (mean \u00b1 1 SD, 34.8 \u00b1 3.1 m\/sec; controls, 41.2 \u00b1 2.5 m\/sec), and evoked muscle response amplitudes were only half of control values. Using quantitative techniques, we documented a diminution in number of the largest myelinated fibers in otherwise normal mid posterior tibial nerves, with an increase in the smaller sizes, indicating either a degree of axonal atrophy or impaired fiber growth during development. The principal pathological finding was active breakdown of myelinated fibers in the most distal motor twigs of hind foot muscles supplied by posterior tibial branches, with preservation of fibers in more proximal segments of these nerves. This anatomical lesion in diabetic nerves could account for both observed conduction slowing and lowered muscle response amplitudes. A consistent feature in both diabetic and control mid lateral plantar nerves was a zone of demyelination that apparently occurs at this natural site of nerve entrapment in rats. Taken together, the pathological abnormalities of peripheral nerve in acute experimental diabetes are best explained as resulting from a distal axonopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410080207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T12:25:29Z","timestamp":1104582329000},"page":"168-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Distal neuropathy in experimental diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin J.","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur K.","family":"Asbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Pathology of Peripheral Nerve","author":"Asbury AK","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.11.1072"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"BrownMJ DeJesusCPV PleasureDE AsburyAK:Nerve conduction slowing precedes demyelination in experimental methyl n\u2010butyl ketone (MBK) neuropathy. 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