{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T10:18:46Z","timestamp":1769854726594,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]],"date-time":"2004-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8711,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In intact striatum, the enzyme dopa decarboxylase is localized predominantly in dopaminergic nerve terminals. In Parkinson disease, loss of dopaminergic neurons is associated with massive depletion of striatal decarboxylase activity. Nevertheless, efficacy of exogenous L\u2010dopa in parkinsonism is generally believed to result from its enzymatic decarboxylation to dopamine in the corpus striatum. It has previously been suggested that, after degeneration of nigrostriatal pathways, decarboxylation of administered L\u2010dopa may occur mainly at such striatal sites as surviving dopaminergic terminals, serotonergic neurons, or capillaries; but currently available data do not favor these hypotheses.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Recent experimental studies indicate that a substantial amount of decarboxylase activity is localized in striatal interneurons or efferent neurons that may not normally synthesize monoamines. We propose that after depletion of dopaminergic terminals, these nonaminergic striatal neurons may contain a large fraction of residual dopa decarboxylase activity and may represent an important locus for conversion of administered dopa to functional dopamine in the parkinsonian corpus striatum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410080603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T13:17:47Z","timestamp":1104585467000},"page":"558-563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Nonaminergic striatal neurons convert exogenous l\u2010dopa to dopamine in parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Eldad","family":"Melamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Hefti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Wurtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio245150a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"791","article-title":"L\u2010DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease: a critical review of nine years' experience","volume":"101","author":"Barbeau A","year":"1969","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(73)90175-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"369","article-title":"The localization of monoaminergic blood\u2010brain barrier mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Bertler A","year":"1966","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"787","article-title":"Der L\u2010Dioxyphenylalanin (=L\u2010DOPA)\u2010effekt bei der Parkinson\u2010Akinese","volume":"73","author":"Birkmayer W","year":"1961","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"L\u2010DOPA, amphetamine and apomorphine: comparison of effects on the firing rate of rat dopaminergic neurons","volume":"245","author":"Bunney BS","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"560","article-title":"Dopaminergic neurons: effect of antipsychotic drugs and amphetamine on single cell activity","volume":"185","author":"Bunney BS","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410010202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)91751-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196902132800701","article-title":"Modification of parkinsonism. 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