{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:19:09Z","timestamp":1791263949722,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]],"date-time":"2004-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8468,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The clinical and neuropathological findings in 28 cases of paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarcts are reported. The 4 instances of unilateral paramedian thalamic infarct were characterized by mood and behavioral changes, limitation of the infarct to the center of the anatomical paramedian territory, and symmetrical configuration of the paramedian thalamic arteries. Basilar artery occlusion was found in 1 patient. The 5 cases of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts were characterized by disturbances of consciousness and behavior, extension of the infarct (to the mammillothalamic tracts in 4 cases, the red nuclei in 3, and the hypothalamus in 2), and a variable paramedian thalamic arterial pattern. The arterial pattern was symmetrical in 2 cases, asymmetrical in 1, and unilateral in 1. The basilar artery was occluded in 1 case, the basilar communicating and posterior cerebral arteries in 1, and a third patient had occlusion involving an aneurysm of the basilar artery. The 19 patients with paramedian thalamopeduncular infarcts had marked disturbances of consciousness (hypersomnia, deep coma, akinetic mutism) associated with ocular motility changes. Later, abnormal movements\u2014always delayed\u2014and memory, disturbances were observed in some. Thalamic changes were restricted to the paramedian territory in only 3 cases. The arterial pattern was symmertical in 5. The basilar and posterior cerebral arteries were occluded in 4 patients each.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Paramedian infarcts were rarely found as isolated lesions and were always bilateral when there was only one arterial pedicle. The paramedian thalamic pedicle can supply the polar thalamic territory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410100204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T08:18:28Z","timestamp":1104567508000},"page":"127-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":424,"title":["Paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarcts: Clinical and neuropathological study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Castaigne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Lhermitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Buge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Escourolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Hauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Lyon\u2010Caen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"The morphology of the forebrain arteries, with special reference to the evaluation of the basal ganglia","volume":"68","author":"Abbie AA","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"301","article-title":"Paralysie de la verticalit\u00e9 du regard d'origine vasculaire","volume":"96","author":"Angelergues R","year":"1957","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4100.682"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"519","article-title":"La circulation art\u00e9rielle du p\u00e9doncule c\u00e9r\u00e9bral","volume":"28","author":"Azelais L","year":"1892","journal-title":"J Anat (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"896","article-title":"A propos de la pathologie vasculaire thalamo\u2010m\u00e9senc\u00e9phalique. Documents anatomo\u2010cliniques concernant la pathologie de l'art\u00e8re c\u00e9r\u00e9brale post\u00e9rieure","volume":"62","author":"Bacaloglu C","year":"1934","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Sur une n\u00e9crose thalamique avec m\u00e9ningo\u2010\u00e9pendymite subaigu\u00eb","volume":"67","author":"Barraquer\u2010Bordas L","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"461","article-title":"D\u00e9mence thalamique d'origine vasculaire","volume":"119","author":"de Boucaud P","year":"1968","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Syndrome n\u00e9crotique tegmento\u2010thalamique avec mutisme akin\u00e9tique (\u00e9tudeclinique et anatomo\u2010pathologique)","volume":"104","author":"Brage D","year":"1961","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/81.3.426"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","volume-title":"Neurological Basis of Behaviour","author":"Brierley B","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/75.2.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"D\u00e9mence thalamique d'origine vasculaire par ramollissement bilat\u00e9ral limit\u00e9 au territoire du p\u00e9dicule r\u00e9tro\u2010mamillaire (\u00e0 propos de 2 observations anatomo\u2010cliniques)","volume":"114","author":"Castaigne P","year":"1966","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"357","article-title":"Ramollissement p\u00e9donculaire m\u00e9dian tegmento\u2010thalamique avec ophthalmopl\u00e9gie et hypersomnie (\u00e9tude anatomo\u2010clinique)","volume":"106","author":"Castaigne P","year":"1962","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"547","article-title":"Etude topographique des l\u00e9sions anatomiques dans les hypersomnies","volume":"116","author":"Castaigne P","year":"1967","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/96.1.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"H\u00e9mitremblement du type de la scl\u00e9rose en plaques par l\u00e9sion rubro\u2010thalmo\u2010sous thalamique. Syndrome de la r\u00e9gion sup\u00e9ro\u2010externe du noyau rouge avec atteinte silencieuse ou non du thalamus","volume":"14","author":"Chiray M","year":"1923","journal-title":"Ann Med (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Ramollissement du noyau rouge","volume":"23","author":"Claude H","year":"1912","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901560205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"521","article-title":"Le syndrome thalamique","volume":"14","author":"Dejerine J","year":"1906","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","volume-title":"Les d\u00e9mences tardives","author":"Delay J","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"60","article-title":"Recherches anatomiques sur la circulation de l'ence\u00e9phale","volume":"6","author":"Duret H","year":"1874","journal-title":"Arch Physiol Norm Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901650403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"749","article-title":"Techniques d'autopsie du syst\u00e8me nerveu central et p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique","volume":"16","author":"Escourolle R","year":"1966","journal-title":"Rev Prat (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"672","article-title":"Aspects anatomocliniques dans les l\u00e9sions du tronc basilaire engendrant des troubles de l'\u00e9tat vigil","volume":"116","author":"Fa\u00e7on E","year":"1967","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Hypersomnie prolong\u00e9e engendr\u00e9e par des l\u00e9sions bilat\u00e9rals du syst\u00e8me activateur m\u00e9dial. Le syndrome thrombotique de la bifurcation du tronc basilaire","volume":"98","author":"Fa\u00e7on E","year":"1958","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"705","article-title":"Les art\u00e9res de l'axe enc\u00e9phalique jusqu'au dienc\u00e9phale inclusivement","volume":"44","author":"Foix C","year":"1925","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Incoordination c\u00e9r\u00e9belleuse du membre inf\u00e9rieur par l\u00e9sion localis\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion interne du thalamus contro\u2010lat\u00e9ral","volume":"120","author":"Garcin R","year":"1969","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"727","article-title":"Le thalamus des mammif\u00e8res et de l'homme. Organisation structurale, fonctionnelle et cytochimique","volume":"57","author":"Gerebtzoff MA","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bull Assoc Anat (Nancy)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","first-page":"293","volume-title":"Clinical Experiences in Brain Stem Disorders (Acta 25 Conventus Neuropsychiatricus et EEG Hungarici)","author":"Gruner JE","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1959.03840020069009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","first-page":"447","article-title":"Ramollissements du thalamus dans le territoire des p\u00e9dicules art\u00e9riels venant de la c\u00e9r\u00e9brale post\u00e9rieure","volume":"9","author":"Jakimowicz K","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Med Pol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","volume-title":"The Brain Vascular System","author":"Kaplan HA","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000148664"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1961.18.4.0429"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315958"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","volume-title":"Vascularisation et circulation c\u00e9r\u00e9brales","author":"Lazorthes G","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","volume-title":"Anatomie descriptive et fonctionnelle","author":"Lazorthes G","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Syndrome du p\u00e9dicule art\u00e9riel retromamillaire","volume":"74","author":"Lecchi A","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","volume-title":"L'aphasie","author":"Lecours AR","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","first-page":"641","article-title":"Anatomopathologie et physiopathologie des st\u00e9noses carotidiennes","volume":"115","author":"Lhermitte F","year":"1966","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Troubles de la conscience et mutisme akin\u00e9tique. Etude anatomo\u2010clinique d'un ramollissement param\u00e9dian bilat\u00e9ral du p\u00e9doncule c\u00e9r\u00e9bral et du thalamus","volume":"109","author":"Lhermitte J","year":"1963","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Syndrome thalamique avec autopsie","volume":"37","author":"Lhermitte J","year":"1921","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","unstructured":"LhermitteJ TournayA: Rapport sur le sommeil normal et pathologique.Rev Neurol (Paris)pp751\u2013822 885\u2013887 1927"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","unstructured":"Lyon\u2010CaenO: Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude des infarctus param\u00e9dians thalamiques et p\u00e9donculaires (territoire du p\u00e9dicule r\u00e9tro\u2010mamillaire): 28 observations. Paris Th\u00e8se de M\u00e9decine 1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901650302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","volume-title":"Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brain Stem","author":"Olszewki J","year":"1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","volume-title":"Intracranial Arterial Aneurysms","author":"Padget DH","year":"1944"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","volume-title":"Etude anatomique du thalamus de l'homme adulte et de sa vascularisation art\u00e9rielle","author":"Percheron G","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_2","first-page":"297","article-title":"Les art\u00e8res du thalamus humain. Art\u00e8re et territoire thalamiques polaires de l'art\u00e8re communicante post\u00e9rieure","volume":"132","author":"Percheron G","year":"1976","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_2","first-page":"309","article-title":"Les art\u00e8res du thalamus humain. Art\u00e8res et territoires thalamiques param\u00e9dians de l'art\u00e8re basilaire communicante","volume":"132","author":"Percheron G","year":"1976","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_2","first-page":"533","article-title":"Les art\u00e8res du thalamus humain. Les art\u00e8res choro\u00efdiennes. I. Etude macroscopique des variations individuelles. II. Syst\u00e9matisation. III. Absence de territoire thalamique constitu\u00e9 de l'art\u00e8re choro\u00efdienne ant\u00e9rieure. IV. Art\u00e8res et territoires thalamiques du syst\u00e8me art\u00e9riel choro\u00efdien et thalamique postero\u2010m\u00e9dian. V. Art\u00e8res et territoires thalamiques du syst\u00e8me art\u00e9riel choro\u00efdien et thalamique postero\u2010lat\u00e9ral","volume":"133","author":"Percheron G","year":"1977","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"Evaluation de la limite la plus m\u00e9diale du territoire profond de l'art\u00e8re c\u00e9r\u00e9brale moyenne sur 96 cas de ramollissement","volume":"120","author":"Percheron G","year":"1969","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_2","first-page":"687","article-title":"The vascularisation of the human thalamus","volume":"70","author":"Plets C","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_2","volume-title":"Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma","author":"Plum F","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_2","volume-title":"Its Nuclear Configuration and Vascular Supply","author":"Schlesinger B","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1964.00460230027003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_2","first-page":"353","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Pathologie des Thalamus opticus","volume":"105","author":"Schuster P","year":"1936","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01987698"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_4","first-page":"201","volume":"107","year":"1937","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1970.00480230026003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_2","unstructured":"SegarraJM Von StockertTR CurtisM:Thalamic dementias. In Subirana A Espalader JM (eds): Neurology. Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Neurology Barcelona Sept 8\u201315 1973. Amsterdam Excerpta Medica 1974 pp392\u2013395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_2","first-page":"151","article-title":"Thombosis of the mesencephalic artery. A clinico\u2010pathological study of two cases and its correlation with the arterial vascularisation","volume":"77","author":"Sieben G","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_2","first-page":"616","article-title":"Syndrome thalamo\u2010hypothalamique avec h\u00e9mitremblement (ramollissement du territoire art\u00e9riel thalamo\u2010perfor\u00e9)","volume":"66","author":"Sigwald J","year":"1936","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1968.00480010019001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00316317"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_2","first-page":"311","article-title":"Cerebral area essential to conciousness","volume":"16","author":"Thompson GN","year":"1951","journal-title":"Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_2","volume-title":"Variations of the Human Diencephalon","author":"Van Buren JM","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_2","volume-title":"The Wernicke\u2010Korsakoff Syndrome","author":"Victor M","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000148301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/88.3.539"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/59.2.175"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.410100204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.410100204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T15:27:37Z","timestamp":1696692457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.410100204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,8]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.410100204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410100204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,8]]}}}