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These symptoms and disorders could be grouped into four distinct clinical patterns comprising encephalopathy, multiple cerebral infarctions, migraine\u2010like headaches, and visual abnormalities including amaurosis fugax and ischemic optic neuropathy. Cerebral ischemia best explained these neurological dysfunctions. There was no correlation between the presence or absence of neurological disease and ACLA levels, but ACLA levels were higher in patients with encephalopathy than in others with neurological involvement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). How neurological dysfunction and the presence of these antiphospholipid antibodies are related remains to be clarified. Nevertheless, in patients with unexplained cerebral ischemia, establishing the presence of ACLA may have prognostic and therapeutic importance. In particular, acute immunosuppressive therapy and plasmapheresis may be useful in patients with acute ischemic encephalopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T14:08:35Z","timestamp":1104588515000},"page":"221-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["Neurological disease associated with antiphospholipid antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dennis P.","family":"Briley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Coull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Scott 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