{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T01:24:39Z","timestamp":1794273879818,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5455,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>I evaluated 226 instrumentalists for playing\u2010related symptoms. There were 103 players (46%) of string instruments, 73 keyboard instrumentalists (32%), 44 players (19%) of wind instruments, and 6 percussionists (3%). The mean age was 32 years; 58% were women. Sixty\u2010five patients (29%) had a peripheral nerve disorder; 27 had symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome; 12 had median neuropathies (carpal tunnel syndrome in 9); 9 had ulnar neuropathies; 6 had cervical radiculopathy; 5 had digital neuropathies; 3 had cranial neuropathies; and 3 had other peripheral nerve disorders. Treatment consisted of modification of playing schedules and technique, plus physical and occupational and therapy in 51 and surgical procedures in 9 patients; 5 were not treated. Follow\u2010up at 1 to 8 years showed 74% had a satisfactory result, 14percnt; had slight or minimal improvement, and 12percnt; had no improvement. At the time of writing, all but 4 patients remained in the music profession. It is concluded that playing\u2010related symptoms among instrumentalists are frequently neurological in origin and that the large majority can be helped by conservative or, on occasion, surgical means.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T14:15:53Z","timestamp":1104588953000},"page":"640-646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Peripheral nerve disorders in instrumentalists"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Lederman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-190811000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"326","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","author":"Spaans F.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"510","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","author":"Cohen MM","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume-title":"Nerves and nerve injuries","author":"Sunderland S.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"Entrapment neuropathies","author":"Dawson DM","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","volume-title":"Focal peripheral neuropathies","author":"Stewart JD","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700040508"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"74","article-title":"Entrapment neuropathies in musicians","volume":"35","author":"Charness ME","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Nerve entrapment syndromes in instrumental musicians","volume":"1","author":"Lederman RJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.53.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Peripheral nerve disorders in instrumental musicians","volume":"22","author":"Lederman RJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03330380057027"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Instrumental musicians with upper extremity disorders: a follow\u2010up study","volume":"1","author":"Knishkowy B","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Hand and upper extremity problems in musicians: epidemiology and diagnosis","volume":"3","author":"Dawson WJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Overuse syndromes in instrumentalists","volume":"1","author":"Lederman RJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1986.tb01819.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Occupational cramp in instrumental musicians","volume":"3","author":"Lederman RJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"136","article-title":"A survey of musculoskeletal problems encountered in high\u2010level musicians","volume":"1","author":"Caldron PH","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"\u201cDoctor, it hurts when I play\u201d: painful disorders among instrumental musicians","volume":"2","author":"Newmark J","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medical problems among ICSOM musicians: overview of a national survey","volume":"3","author":"Fishbein M","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"The incidence of hand problems in music students","volume":"3","author":"Manchester RA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"Music\u2010related overuse in secondary schools","volume":"3","author":"Fry HJH","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"Medical problems in secondary school\u2010aged musicians","volume":"3","author":"Lockwood AH","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/025576148801100101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"87","article-title":"Thoracic outlet syndromes: review of the controversies and a report of 17 instrumental musicians","volume":"2","author":"Lederman RJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195810092591503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.39.5.461"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"326","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neuroloy","author":"Koelsch F","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198110153051625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/100.3.601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.11.1677"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.228.6.695c"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90050-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Gamba leg","volume":"306","author":"Howard PL","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-433-06703-0.50024-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Occupational cubital tunnel syndrome in instrumental musicians","volume":"37","author":"Charness ME","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"The not\u2010so\u2010magic flute: two cases of distal ulnar nerve entrapment","volume":"3","author":"Wainapel SF","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195941040-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Someaspects of stress on the forearm and hand in industry","volume":"8","author":"Tichauer E.","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/14.4.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","first-page":"481","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome and selected personal attributes","volume":"21","author":"Armstrong TJ","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Clinical concepts in regional musculoskeletal illness","author":"Armstrong TJ","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196648020-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Clinical concepts in regional musculoskeletal illness","author":"Hadler NM","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(88)90130-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.11.1599"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","first-page":"287","article-title":"The role of the cubital tunnel in tardy ulnar palsy","volume":"1","author":"Feindel W","year":"1958","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195638050-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Dynamic approach in the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome using somatosensory evoked responses","volume":"66","author":"Chodoroff G","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060100014007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880110608"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197205252862106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_2","first-page":"90","article-title":"Thoracic outlet syndromes: symptoms, diagnosis, anatomy and surgical treatment","volume":"1","author":"Roos DB","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.410260509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.410260509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T20:02:48Z","timestamp":1698004968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.410260509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.410260509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410260509","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]}}}