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In the present study, activated T lymphocytes were found in the peripheral blood of patients with TSP. Specifically, there were increased numbers of large CD3+ cells that also expressed HLA\u2010DR and interleukin\u20102\u2013receptor molecules. A significantly elevated spontaneous lymphoproliferative response was demonstrated in all patients tested. Generation of measles virus\u2013specific cytotoxic T\u2010cell response was reduced in 4 of 4 patients. This was similar to previous findings in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, unlike multiple sclerosis, reduced generation of cytotoxic T\u2010cell response to influenza and mumps viruses was observed in 2 of 4 patients. These observations confirm further the strong association between TSP and an HTLV\u2010I\u2013like virus and suggest that the observed abnormalities of the cellular immune response in TSP are related to infection of lymphocytes by the retrovirus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T14:18:44Z","timestamp":1104589124000},"page":"149-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Immunological studies in tropical spastic 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