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The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)\u2010DR2 was present in 45 (52%). Clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) was established in 33 patients. Actuarial analysis showed that the cumulative probability of developing MS within 15 years was 45%. Three risk factors were identified: low age and abnormal CSF at onset, and early recurrence of optic neuritis. Female gender, onset in the winter season, and the presence of HLA\u2010DR2 antigen increased the risk for MS, but not significantly. Magnetic resonance imaging detected bilateral discrete white matter lesions, similar to those in MS, in 11 of 25 patients, 7 to 18 years after the isolated attack of optic neuritis. Nine were among the 13 with abnormal CSF and only 2 belonged to the group of 12 with normal CSF (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). Normal CSF at the onset of optic neuritis conferred better prognosis but did not preclude the development of MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T14:19:53Z","timestamp":1104589193000},"page":"386-393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["A long\u2010term prospective study of optic neuritis: Evaluation of risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Magnhild","family":"Sandberg\u2010Wollheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Bynke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sten","family":"Cronqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stig","family":"Holt\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Platz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars P.","family":"Ryder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1973.tb01317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1975.tb05770.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1975.tb05771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","series-title":"International Congress Series No 450","first-page":"347","volume-title":"XXIII Concilium Ophthalmologicum, Kyoto","author":"Sandberg\u2010Wollheim M","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1971.00490040052007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517209102747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Manual of tissue typing techniques","author":"Terasaki PI","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1982.tb01413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Histocompatibility testing","author":"Terasaki PI","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-1003-7_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.9.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071393"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1977.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1961.tb01501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","volume-title":"Monographs on statistics and applied probability","author":"Cox DR","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(87)90182-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(54)92199-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"Studies on the natural history of multiple sclerosis. 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