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Before treatment, the peak velocity of blink\u2010related lid lowering and lid raising was slower than normal, yet lid saccades were normal. After botulinum treatment, significant decreases occurred in (1) the amplitude of blinks and lid saccades, and (2) the peak velocity of the blink down\u2010phase. Botulinum treatment significantly alters blink lid\u2010lowering kinematics, while saccadic lid\u2010lowering kinematics are normal, providing further evidence that the orbicularis oculi muscle does not play a primary role in downward lid saccades.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T11:53:40Z","timestamp":1104580420000},"page":"653-660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Eyelid movements before and after botulinum therapy in patients with lid spasm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Manning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Evinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick A.","family":"Sibony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"734","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection of eye muscle to correct strabismus","volume":"79","author":"Scott AB","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050030043017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.26.040186.002235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(85)90228-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33641-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870020402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100026159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(88)32977-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33338-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33337-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196407000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1984.52.2.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00340495"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.4.1227","article-title":"Lid\u2010eye coordination during vertical gaze changes in man and monkey","volume":"60","author":"Becker W","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","unstructured":"SimardR GuittonD BerajaR CodereF. 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