{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:24:18Z","timestamp":1790943858256,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4909,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred five children from the Helsinki area who were 1 month to 16 years old were treated for acute encephalitis at the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, from January 1968 through December 1987. Encephalitis occurred most commonly in children 1 to 1.9 years of age, among whom the incidence was 16.7 per 100,000 child\u2010years. The incidence remained quite high until the age of 10 years, and then gradually declined to 1.0 per 100,000 child\u2010years at the age of 15 years. Since 1983, when mumps, measles, and rubella vaccination eradicated the encephalitides associated with these microbes, the major associated agents have been varicella\u2010zoster, <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, and respiratory and enteroviruses. In infants younger than 1 year of age, the major agents were enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, and the group of \u201cothers,\u201d whereas in older children, respiratory viruses and <jats:italic>Mycoplasma Pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> as well as varicella\u2010zoster virus, dominated. In children aged 1 to 11 months, the causal agent could not be identified in one\u2010half of all cases, whereas in children who were at least 10 years old, the etiology remained unknown in only one\u2010fourth of cases. Male dominance was most evident in the 4\u2010 to 9\u2010year age group. The difference in etiology between males and females was significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02); mumps and varicella were more common in boys, and adenovirus and <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were more common in girls. The overall male\u2010to\u2010female ratio was 1.4:1. Characteristic seasonal variation occurred in encephalitides associated with mumps, measles, and entero\u2010 and respiratory viruses. In the whole series, some accumulation appeared in February and March. Less than one\u2010half of this number appeared in July and August.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T12:00:30Z","timestamp":1104580830000},"page":"492-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Epidemiology of encephalitis in children: A 20\u2010Year survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Marjaleena","family":"Koskiniemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Rautonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eeva","family":"Lehtokoski\u2010Lehtiniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Vaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"585","article-title":"Acute viral infection of the central nervous system in children: an 8\u2010year review","volume":"125","author":"Wang D","year":"1981","journal-title":"CMA J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"339","article-title":"Acute viral encephalitis in children","volume":"23","author":"Wong V","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aust Paediatr J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1981.tb11562.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(60)90029-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)90188-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1965.tb01881.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1982.14.issue-3.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1959.03010290014006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91683-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.11.1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(80)93080-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-2-221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198601163140303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198102053040602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.1.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197507032930101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"156","article-title":"Etiology and outcome in 42 children with acute nonbacterial meningoencephalitis","volume":"55","author":"Donat JF","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","unstructured":"Social Insurance Institution of Finland.Statistics over diseases from the period 1975\u20131986. 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